The concept of charity in Islam: An analysis of Imam al-Qurtubi's exegesis

Abstract

Abstract: The Qur’an and Ḥadith emphasise the importance of charity (ṣadaqah) as the most noble way of utilising wealth in order to attain the pleasure of Allah and assist those in need, and it should therefore be practised by every Muslim. Charity not only serves to purify the soul but also contributes to the development of socio-economic sustainability and social reform that leads to the well-being of individuals and society, both in this world and in the Hereafter. Every Muslim must refer to the Qur’an and Hadith as the primary sources of guidance to ensure that their actions are in accordance with Islamic principles and teachings. This study aims to analyse the concept of charity in Islam, with particular focus on the interpretation of Qur’anic verses related to charity based on the views of Imam al-Qurtubi in his exegetical work, al-Jami’ li Aḥkam al-Qur’an. The research method employed is a library-based study, concentrating primarily on Imam al-Qurtubi’s tafsir, in addition to relevant academic books and journal articles related to the subject. The study finds that al-Qurtubi interprets charity as the act of giving wealth in a tangible manner through direct provision. According to him, the meaning of charity is broad and encompasses various forms, including anything given to others, expenditures for one’s own benefit, and spending on horses for the purpose of jihad in the path of Allah. He also explains that voluntary charity given by both men and women will be rewarded with multiplied recompense: ten, seventy, or seven hundred times, and even beyond measure ultimately culminating in the reward of Paradise. The significance of this study lies in demonstrating that the concept of charity in Islam is comprehensive, encompassing various forms of voluntary giving, including both material and non-material acts of benevolence, which remain relevant and significant in contemporary society.

Keywords: Charity, al-Qurtubi, Exegesis.