Trends and patterns in waqf research in higher education: A Scopus-based bibliometric study

Abstract

This study examines the development, intellectual structure, and thematic evolution of waqf research in higher education by mapping publication trends, key actors, networks, and research gaps. A bibliometric analysis conducted on 298 Scopus-indexed articles from 2001 to 2025. VOSviewer software identified patterns in publication growth, prolific authors and institutions, keyword clusters, and international collaboration networks. Waqf publications increased markedly, from fewer than five per year before 2017 to 34 in 2024. Malaysian institutions, including Universiti Teknologi MARA, International Islamic University Malaysia, and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, are the most active contributors, with Rahman, A.A. as the leading author. Keyword analysis shows strong clusters in bibliometrics, Islamic social finance, cash waqf models, and sustainable development goals, while donor behaviour, governance, and cross-cultural applications remain underexplored. Malaysia also serves as a hub for international collaboration, especially with Indonesia and the Middle East. The findings highlight gaps in donor behaviour and governance, offering insights for institutional fundraising policies and governance structures to improve waqf application in higher education. The study provides a bibliometric overview of waqf in higher education, mapping intellectual structures, collaboration patterns, and research gaps, linking these insights to practical and policy implications for sustainable financing in modern universities.