Determinants of academic performance among undergraduate students in Perlis public universities
Keywords:
Academic Performance, Time Management, Peer Influence, Digital Literacy, Financial Factors, Public UniversityAbstract
Student academic performance serves as a pivotal indicator of educational quality, graduate employability, and national human capital development within the Malaysian higher education landscape. Despite significant government investment, disparities in academic outcomes persist, suggesting that performance is shaped by a complex interplay of personal and environmental factors. This study investigates the relationship between time management, peer influence, digital literacy, and financial factors on the academic performance of undergraduate students in Perlis, Malaysia. Utilizing a quantitative correlational design, data were collected via structured questionnaires from 377 students at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Arau and Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP). The findings aim to provide actionable insights for higher learning institutions to enhance student success and graduate outcomes.










