Performance efficiency of Malaysian football clubs using bi-objective MCDEA CCR input-oriented and super efficiency model
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55573/JISED.118756Keywords:
Performance efficiency, football clubs, Malaysia Super League, Bi-Objective MCDEA, Data Envelopment Analysis, Super EfficiencyAbstract
Professional football clubs operate with different levels of player resources, squad composition, infrastructure, sporting achievement, and financial performance. Evaluating club performance solely on the basis of league position may therefore provide an incomplete representation of how efficiently available resources are utilized. This study evaluates the relative performance efficiency of 14 football clubs participating in the 2023 Malaysia Super League (MSL) using a two-phase Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) framework. In the first phase, the Bi-Objective Multi-Criteria Data Envelopment Analysis (Bi-O MCDEA) CCR Input-Oriented model is employed to evaluate the efficiency with which clubs transform market value, squad size, and stadium capacity into league points, goals scored, and revenue. In the second phase, the Super Efficiency (SE) model is applied to provide further discrimination among frontier-efficient clubs. The mathematical models were implemented using LINGO 20.0, while secondary data were obtained from Transfermarkt and publicly available information relating to the 2023 MSL season. The results identify Johor Darul Ta’zim (JDT) and PDRM FC as frontier-efficient clubs, each obtaining an efficiency score of 1.000. Among the remaining clubs, Sabah FC and Selangor FC recorded relatively high efficiency scores of 0.898 and 0.892, respectively, whereas Kuching City FC recorded the lowest score of 0.598. Super-efficiency analysis further distinguishes the two frontier-efficient clubs, with JDT recording a score of 1.211 and PDRM FC recording a value effectively equal to unity. The findings demonstrate substantial differences in relative resource utilisation across Malaysian football clubs and provide a quantitative basis for performance benchmarking and managerial evaluation.
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