Al-ḍamān dalam fiqh alam bina: Analisis tematik al-Iʿlān bi Aḥkām al-Bunyān karya Ibn al-Rāmī
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55573/JISED.118743Keywords:
al-Ḍamān, fiqh alam bina, Ibn al-Rāmī, al-Iʿlān bi Aḥkām al-Bunyān, kemudaratan, liabiliti, Ahl al-MaʿrifahAbstract
Kajian ini meneliti al-Ḍamān dalam fiqh alam bina berdasarkan al-Iʿlān bi Aḥkām al-Bunyān karya Ibn al-Rāmī. Objektifnya ialah mengenal pasti tema utama al-Ḍamān dan mensintesis hubungannya sebagai kerangka konseptual pertanggungjawaban dan pemulihan hak. Kajian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis dokumen dan analisis kandungan secara tematik. Pengekodan awal dilaksanakan oleh penulis pertama, disemak oleh penulis bersama dan dipersetujui melalui perbincangan. Enam tema dikenal pasti, iaitu pembuktian dan penentuan punca kemudaratan; asas pembentukan al-Ḍamān; pengetahuan tentang risiko dan kegagalan bertindak; penaksiran kerugian; peranan ahl al-Maʿrifah; serta pemulihan kemudaratan. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa kerosakan fizikal sahaja tidak memadai untuk menentukan tanggungan. Pertanggungjawaban memerlukan pembuktian kemudaratan, atribusi sebab, penelitian asas tanggungan dan penaksiran kerugian. Kepakaran teknikal menyokong penentuan fakta pada peringkat yang berkaitan. Analisis turut membezakan kewajipan ganti rugi daripada penghapusan bahaya dan pelarasan balasan kontrak, walaupun ketiga-tiganya berkaitan dengan perlindungan hak. Enam tema tersebut merupakan sintesis analitikal kajian dan bukan teori eksplisit Ibn al-Rāmī. Sumbangan kajian ialah penyusunan hubungan antara fakta fizikal, asas tanggungan, ukuran kerugian dan penyelesaian hak dalam kerangka fiqh alam bina. Penggunaannya tertakluk pada perincian hukum setiap kes dan batas sumber kajian.
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