Relationship between factors of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) with entrepreneurial intention among hospitality students at UiTM Cawangan Pulau Pinang.

Abstract

The government has always encouraged the community to become a self-employed community through various programs and incentives, especially for graduates to be involved in entrepreneurship. The incentives and programs can be in the form of financial assistance and training. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the factors of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), which are attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, and entrepreneurship education with entrepreneurial intention among students from Diploma and Bachelor's Degree Program in hospitality. This study used quantitative methods and data from 248 respondents were successfully collected for data analysis. A Partial Least Squares (PLS) was used to analyse all data. The findings indicate that attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control have a strong positive influence, while entrepreneurial education has a moderate positive influence on hospitality students’ entrepreneurial intention. Universities should enhance experiential entrepreneurship education and industry collaboration. Future research should include diverse samples, explore additional variables, and consider longitudinal and qualitative approaches to deepen understanding of entrepreneurial intention.