Challenges among japanese language learners in learning speaking using the Cohesion module.

Abstract

In Malaysia, Japanese language learners face several challenges that hinder their
ability to achieve proficiency in speaking, particularly due to difficulties in using cohesive
elements effectively. In response, this study investigates the challenges encountered by
Japanese language learners at Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) in learning to speak
Japanese through the implementation of the Cohesion Module. Specifically, the study aims to
identify the obstacles learners face in applying cohesive devices in verbal communication, their
levels of confidence and anxiety, and their perceptions of the learning process using the
Cohesion Module. To achieve these objectives, a qualitative research approach was employed,
involving semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and learner reflections. Data
were analysed using descriptive analysis to examine the learners' struggles in applying
grammatical and lexical cohesion, their ability to structure coherent spoken discourse, and
their overall speaking performance. Findings revealed that while the Cohesion Module
contributed to improvements in certain cohesion elements, learners continued to face
challenges in verbal communication, fluency, and confidence. Additionally, anxiety and limited
speaking practice remained key obstacles to effective communication. The study concludes that
despite the potential benefits of the Cohesion Module, learners require more interactive and
immersive activities to strengthen their ability to apply cohesive elements in real-world
conversations. The findings contribute to Japanese language pedagogy by providing insights
into how cohesion impacts speaking skills and suggesting enhancements for instructional
design. The study also underscores the need for Japanese language educators to incorporate
more communicative and structured cohesion-focused strategies to support learners in
achieving spoken proficiency.