Local authority perspectives on flash flood vulnerability and disaster risk management in Bintulu, Sarawak

Abstract

Flash floods present a growing threat to urban regions across Southeast Asia, and
Bintulu, Sarawak, is no exception. This study investigates flash flood vulnerability and disaster
risk management (DRM) strategies from the perspective of local authorities in Bintulu. Using
a qualitative case study approach, data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with
key stakeholders from the Civil Defence Force (APM), Bintulu Development Authority (BDA),
Fire and Rescue Department (JBPM), and the Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID).
Thematic analysis revealed two primary drivers of vulnerability, which are climate change,
such as rising sea levels, erratic rainfall, and rapid urbanisation that outpaces infrastructure
development. Challenges in public awareness, limited inter-agency coordination, and
insufficient funding further exacerbate the situation. Nevertheless, agencies have taken steps to
improve structural infrastructure, implement early warning systems, and foster community
engagement. The findings underscore the need for an integrated, community-centred approach
to flood risk governance. Policy recommendations include targeted infrastructure investment,
more vigorous enforcement of urban planning regulations, and the institutionalisation of interagency disaster coordination platforms. This research contributes to the broader discourse on
climate-resilient urban governance in developing regions