Concrete defects in institutional facilities: A forensic engineering and condition-based maintenance framework

Abstract

Concrete defects in buildings can lead to significant structural failures, endangering safety, performance, and aesthetic value. This study investigates concrete defects in the Nilam Puri International Islamic College (KIAS) buildings using forensic engineering techniques. Key methods include on-site inspections, non-destructive testing (NDT), and Building Condition Assessment (BCA) to identify defect types, causes, and maintenance challenges. The research also develops a defect prioritization framework for systematic maintenance planning. Findings demonstrate the importance of integrating forensic tools and BCA methodologies to enhance maintenance strategies, extend structural lifespans, and improve occupant safety.