Journal of Islamic, Social, Economics and Development
The Journal of Islamic, Social, Economics and Development (JISED) is an academic, refereed journal published quarterly. JISED publishes articles and theoretical reviews. JISED aims to address conceptual paper, book & article review, theoretical and empirical research issues that impact the development of Islamic, Social, Economics and Development as an educational and scientific discipline, and promote its efficiency in the economic, social and cultural contexts. The publication for this refereed journal are quarterly (March, June, September and December). The journal aims to publish all quality submission in time to ensure the impact of humanities research quickly conveyed, examined, and disseminated worldwide. Simultaneously, it visions to become the benchmark for the research and publications in all the fields of tourism, hospitality and environment management and to promote the superior standards globally. This journal uses double-blind review, which means that both the reviewer and author identities are concealed from the reviewers, and vice versa, throughout the review process. To facilitate this, authors need to ensure that their manuscripts are prepared in a way that does not give away their identity.
Analysis of the cause-and-effect relationship between AI literacy, AI hallucination risk and academic integrity among preservice teachers using the DEMATEL method
Based on this comprehensive DEMATEL analysis examining the interrelationships among AI Literacy, AI Risks hallucination, and Academic Integrity in educational contexts, this research reveals a hierarchical causal structure where AI Literacy functions as the primary driver influencing both risk awareness and ethical behavior. The analysis progressed through multiple stages: the direct relation matrix established initial influence strengths, normalization enabled comparative assessment, the total relation matrix captured cumulative effects including indirect pathways, threshold filtering identified the most significant relationships, and the final DEMATEL output quantified each factor's role as cause or effect. The results demonstrate that AI Literacy possesses the highest causal influence (D-R = 1.85) and substantial centrality (D+R = 4.071), positioning it as the foundational factor that shapes students' understanding of AI hallucination risks (total influence = 1.269) and their commitment to Academic Integrity (total influence = 1.321). Conversely, both AI Risks hallucination (D-R = -0.838) and Academic Integrity (D-R = -1.012) emerge as net effect factors with high prominence, indicating they are primarily outcomes rather than drivers in this system. The cause-effect diagram visually reinforces this finding, with AI Literacy occupying a distinct position as a core causal factor while the other two variables cluster as dependent effects. These findings provide critical insights for educational policy and curriculum development: investing in comprehensive AI literacy education represents the most effective leverage point for systemic improvement, as it generates cascading benefits that simultaneously enhance students' critical awareness of AI limitations and strengthen their ethical academic practices, ultimately addressing the dual challenges of technological competence and academic integrity in the age of artificial intelligence.
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Islamic, Social, Economics and Development
Faktor pencapaian terhadap kursus fizik asas bagi pelajar diploma kejuruteraan awam
Penyelidikan ini dilaksanakan dengan objektif untuk menganalisis faktor pencapaian kursus Fizik Asas yang merangkumi demografi, latar belakang, persepsi, persiapan dan penglibatan pelajar Diploma Kejuruteraan Awam (CEEC110) UiTM Cawangan Jengka. Seramai 58 responden yang terdiri daripada pelajar semester 1 telah mengambil bahagian dalam soal selidik ini melalui aplikasi Google Form. Data demografi menunjukkan bahawa majoriti pelajar adalah lelaki (59%), manakala perempuan 41%. Semuanya baru menamatkan persekolahan peringkat menengah. Data keputusan Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM), menunjukkan 86.1% pelajar memperoleh gred B atau C dalam subjek Fizik. 87.9% pelajar memperoleh gred A dalam Matematik. Manakala, 81% pelajar memperoleh gred A dan B dalam Bahasa Inggeris. Data menunjukkan, 89.6% pelajar telah memperoleh gred A dan B bagi mata pelajaran Matematik di dalam peperiksaan Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM), manakala selebihnya memperoleh gred C atau D. Penguasaan Bahasa Inggeris di kalangan pelajar adalah amat baik, iaitu 81% dengan memperolehi gred A dan B. 63.8% pelajar berpendapat mampu memahami konsep utama dalam kursus Fizik Asas yang menunjukkan mereka mempunyai latar belakang pengetahuan subjek Sains dan Matematik yang baik. Didapati, 36.2% pelajar memerlukan bantuan bagi meningkatkan pemahaman mereka. Manakala 58.6% pelajar menyatakan bahawa mereka mempunyai masa yang mencukupi untuk memahami setiap topik secara mendalam. Seramai 51.7% pelajar mempamerkan komitmen terhadap kursus ini, dengan memperuntukkan antara 2-4 jam seminggu bagi tujuan ulangkaji, manakala hanya sebilangan kecil pelajar yang mengalami masalah dalam menguruskan masa. Rata-rata pelajar bersetuju bahawa bahan kuliah yang digunakan sepanjang pengajian adalah amat menarik iaitu 93.1% manakala 62.1% pelajar menyatakan mereka dapat menumpukan perhatian dengan baik ketika proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran berlangsung. Ini menjadi satu faktor utama kepada pencapaian yang amat baik oleh pelajar-pelajar Diploma Kejuruteraan Awam. Di samping itu juga beberapa pendekatan seperti e-modul, Brain-Based Learning, model kreativiti terarah dan E-forum telah dicadangkan bagi meningkatkan minat dan penglibatan pelajar.
Using AI to analyze student scientific writing in chemistry (CER framework)
The rapid development of artificial intelligence technology has opened up new opportunities in educational assessment methods. This study examines the use of artificial intelligence in analysing chemistry students’ scientific writing based on the Claim-Evidence-Reasoning (CER) framework. Using the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) with five expert assessors, ten implementation strategies were evaluated in terms of their suitability and priority. The analysis results showed a high level of agreement (86.67%–100%) with four strategies achieving full consensus: developing a chemistry-specific AI rubric aligned with the CER framework, integrating a chemistry misunderstanding database into AI training, providing structured step-by-step CER feedback and ensuring a safety and ethics mechanism for chemistry content. These findings highlight the need for domain-specific adaptation, human–AI collaboration, multimodal analysis capabilities and robust error-checking systems to ensure the validity and reliability of AI assessments of students’ chemistry arguments. Overall, this study offers evidence-based guidelines for responsible AI implementation in chemistry education, thereby enhancing the ability to provide high-quality, scalable scientific writing feedback.
Digital dexterity: Effect and implication through the use of AI among educators in Malaysia
The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the education sector has intensified the urgency to strengthen digital competencies among educators. In this context, digital dexterity the ability to adapt, continuously learn, and innovate using digital technologies has emerged as a critical skill for navigating the demands of 21st-century education. This article explores the role of digital dexterity in the age of AI, with a specific focus on Malaysian educators, and examines both the effects and implications of AI integration in the teaching profession. The effects of AI implementation are multifaceted. Positively, AI enhances pedagogical practices through automation, intelligent tutoring systems, and data-informed decision-making. It supports real-time tracking of student progress, facilitates differentiated instruction, and improves the efficiency of classroom management and administrative tasks. However, the unintended effects include overreliance on algorithms, diminished educator autonomy, and widening digital gaps among educators with varying levels of technological proficiency. The implications of these effects are profound. On a professional level, educators must reconceptualize their roles not merely as content deliverers but as facilitators, data interpreters, and ethical decision-makers in technology-rich environments. Institutionally, there is a need for responsive policy frameworks and systematic capacity-building efforts to ensure that AI tools are used responsibly and equitably. This article, based on conceptual analysis and a review of current literature, outlines key strategies to develop AI-ready educators, including structured training programs, policy alignment, and the establishment of a robust digital competency framework. The findings and recommendations aim to inform educational leaders, teacher training institutions, and policymakers in creating a responsive, inclusive, and future-proof educational ecosystem.
Model keberkesanan pembelajaran berasaskan projek terhadap penguasaan dan minat pelajar Tingkatan 2 dalam ibadah solat
Pembelajaran Berasaskan Projek (PBP) diiktiraf secara meluas sebagai pendekatan inovatif berpusatkan pelajar yang menggalakkan penyertaan aktif, pemikiran kritis serta penglibatan yang bermakna. Walaupun keberkesanannya telah didokumentasikan dengan baik dalam pendidikan umum, penyelidikan mengenai aplikasinya dalam Pendidikan Islam masih berkurangan terutamanya dalam ibadah solat. Lazimya pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP) ibadah solat dilaksanakan dengan kaedah berasaskan kuliah berpusatkan guru, yang membawa kepada pembelajaran pasif, penguasaan yang lemah, dan minat pelajar yang merosot. Kajian literatur mengetengahkan potensi PBP sebagai pedagogi alternatif untuk pengajaran solat dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah menengah. Dengan mensintesis dan menganalisis secara kritis penyelidikan sedia ada, kajian ini telah mengenal pasti beberapa jurang penyelidikan. Di antaranya tumpuan yang terhad kepada bidang Pendidikan Islam khususnya dalam pembelajaran ibadah solat, terlalu menekankan hasil kognitif dengan sedikit perhatian kepada dimensi afektif dan rohani. Bagi menangani jurang ini, kajian ini dicadangkan dengan meletakkan PBP sebagai satu cara untuk mengintegrasikan aspek pembelajaran kognitif, praktikal, dan afektif. Selain itu, keberkesanan PBP turut menyumbang secara teori dengan meluaskan wacana PBP ke dalam bidang pedagogi Islam dan secara praktikal dengan mencadangkan alternatif pengajaran yang lebih menarik kepada pendidik, dan penggubal dasar. Akhirnya, kajian ini menggariskan kepentingan strategi inovatif dan berpusatkan pelajar dalam memastikan pengajaran solat bukan sahaja dapat meningkatkan penguasaan pengetahuan dan amalan bahkan juga minat dan penghayatan rohani yang berkekalan. Kata kunci: Pembelajaran Berasaskan Projek, Pendidikan Islam, Penguasaan, Minat dan Ibadah Solat.
Narrative review: Immersive learning technologies and their role in moral and values-based education
This review looks at how immersive learning technologies, especially augmented reality and virtual reality, can help teach values and ethics. The goal is to bring together what researchers have found, spot areas that need more study, and suggest ways to use these tools better in schools. As the world faces difficult challenges, it's more important than ever to teach students how to think ethically, feel empathy, and take responsibility for their actions. AR and VR create realistic, interactive experiences that let students explore moral choices and value-based situations. But the research on this topic is scattered, with mixed results and not much agreement on the best ways to use these technologies, how effective they are, or how to teach with them. To find the research, we looked in several databases like Scopus, ERIC, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, using keywords like immersive learning, AR/VR, moral education, ethics, and digital teaching. We included studies from 2015 to 2025 that looked at these technologies in high school or university settings and focused on teaching values or ethics. We also checked references from other studies to make sure we covered all relevant work. The review found that features like feeling present, taking someone else's point of view, and physically experiencing a situation help students engage more deeply and reflect on ethics. AR helps connect learning to real life, while VR is good for simulating moral choices. Even though some studies show short-term improvements in empathy and ethical thinking, there are still issues with how we measure these effects, the number of people studied, and how long the results last. There are also worries about fairness, access, and how well the ethical situations in these technologies are designed. These tools can be useful for teaching values if they're used with clear ideas and thoughtful reflection. Future research should look into creating learning experiences with input from teachers and students, developing better ways to measure progress, and making sure these tools work well for everyone, so that values education can be meaningful and fair in the digital world.
Mapping the digital footprints of science teachers in China. A YouTube network analysis
This study examines the social media networks of science teachers in China on YouTube through the application of NodeXL-based social network analysis. By identifying key structural patterns and interaction dynamics, the research aims to reveal how science teachers engage, communicate, and develop professionally within social media environments. Using a mixed-methods approach that integrates quantitative network metrics with qualitative content analysis, the study explores information diffusion processes and thematic trends among Chinese science educators on YouTube. The findings indicate significant regional disparities in China’s science education infrastructure, persistent biases in international media portrayals of experimental science conditions in China, and strong public interest in qualification requirements for foreign science teachers working in the country, which emerged as the most prominent discussion topic. Through visual network mapping, this study illustrates the embedded positions of science teachers within YouTube-based social networks and provides insights into their professional development trajectories, school and employment environments, and approaches to science curriculum implementation. Overall, this research offers a novel social media–based perspective for understanding the dynamics of science teachers in China and contributes methodological value to studies of teacher development and educational quality in the digital era.
Agile marketing sprint model: A rapid-response approach in handling viral social media backlash
Standard crisis communication models for a drained media environment are becoming increasingly irrelevant in the face of viral social media outbreaks Today’s institutional crises claim that responses not only strategically appropriate but also must be fast, nimble and synchronized. This study introduces the Agile Crisis Sprint Model (ACSM) as part of a broader agile marketing ecosystem to enhance and build up a quick response while still aligning strategy, brand consistency, and compliance characteristics. This is an exploration and applicability of 10 components for agile marketing and crisis response, where Nominal Group Technic (NGT) method was employed to solicit feedback from seven experts. Result Based on the result it seems that ACPM, Hybrid Sprint Synchronization Tool and RIAF were scored as (12) a most importance level point which indicate that all the listed element proposed score are highly approved (consensus above 75%). ACSM also scored as applicable, indicating its importance as a rapid-response tool for management of viral crises through microsprints, cross functional coordination and real-time monitoring of social media. The practical implication is that the study presents a structured, evidence-based model for institutions to teach skillful crisis response behaviors, faster decision-making and increased professional resistance in high-stress digital environments. Its contribution is theoretical, as its suggested extension of agile to crisis communication particularly in marketing area.
Ibu bapa sibuk, Al-Quran terabai? Analisis punca dan solusi
Membaca al-Quran adalah satu kewajipan dan tanggungjawab bagi umat Islam. Setiap lapisan masyarakat, khususnya ibu bapa, perlu menguasai bacaan al-Quran dengan baik demi menunaikan tanggungjawab mereka dalam memberi didikan agama terhadap anak-anak. Namun begitu, kelemahan ibu bapa dalam menguasai bacaan al-Quran dilihat terabai, disebabkan oleh kesibukan dan komitmen kerjaya yang lebih menjadi keutamaan dan satu halangan buat ibu bapa dalam mempelajari al-Quran. Sehubungan itu, makalah ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji punca kepada kelemahan ibu bapa dalam menguasai bacaan al-Quran dan solusi kepada permasalahan ini. Kajian ini berbentuk kuantitatif melalui kaedah tinjauan dengan edaran soal selidik terhadap 384 ibu bapa berkerjaya di Petaling Jaya, Selangor. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa punca kelemahan bacaan al-Quran dalam kalangan ibu bapa berkerjaya adalah kefahaman hukum tajwid dan terjemahan ayat al-Quran, kekerapan mengaji al-Quran dan disiplin diri dalam mengaji al-Quran. Sehubungan itu, antara solusi yang dicadangkan untuk mempertingkatkan penguasaan al-Quran adalah, ibu bapa berkerjaya perlu melibatkan diri dalam kelas pengajian al-Quran bersama guru yang mahir dalam bidang al-Quran, sama ada kelas secara bersemuka atau atas talian. Selain itu, ibu bapa juga digalakkan untuk memanfaatkan aplikasi telefon pintar yang menyediakan platform pembelajaran al-Quran, yang boleh membantu memperbaiki bacaan al-Quran dengan lebih berkesan.
Zakat dan kesejahteraan: Analisis literatur ke arah pembangunan kerangka indeks mustahik
Kesejahteraan merujuk kepada penilaian kendiri individu terhadap kebahagiaan, kepuasan hidup, kualiti kehidupan serta kesejahteraan kewangan. Dalam konteks Islam, aspek ini turut diperkuatkan melalui pelaksanaan zakat yang berperanan sebagai mekanisme agihan semula kekayaan dan perlindungan sosial. Tinjauan literatur mendapati bahawa kajian mengenai kesejahteraan telah dilakukan secara meluas, merangkumi pelbagai perspektif seperti psikologi, sosioekonomi dan spiritual. Begitu juga, terdapat banyak kajian berkaitan zakat dari sudut kutipan, agihan dan impaknya terhadap masyarakat. Namun begitu, kajian yang secara khusus meneliti kesejahteraan dalam kalangan penerima zakat (mustahik) masih terhad. Lebih-lebih lagi, kajian yang mengupas kesejahteraan secara holistik dan berteraskan prinsip maqasid syariah dalam kalangan mustahik hampir tidak diketengahkan. Kajian literatur yang dianalisis menunjukkan bahawa aspek kesejahteraan penerima zakat boleh dikelompokkan kepada beberapa domain utama seperti kesejahteraan spiritual, kesejahteraan kewangan, ketahanan diri, kebahagiaan dan kualiti hidup. Namun, kesemua domain ini masih belum digabungkan dalam satu kerangka kesejahteraan yang komprehensif untuk golongan penerima zakat. Sehubungan itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kajian-kajian terdahulu berkaitan kesejahteraan dan zakat, serta mengemukakan rasional dan keperluan terhadap pembangunan satu kerangka indeks kesejahteraan khusus bagi golongan mustahik. Kajian ini juga menyeru kepada penyelidikan lanjut yang lebih bersifat praktikal dan aplikatif dalam usaha memperkasa kesejahteraan komuniti melalui pengurusan zakat yang lebih berstrategi dan berimpak.
Determinants of AI adoption and its impact on organizational performance: A quantitative analysis in the digital economy
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has fundamentally transformed organizational operations in the digital economy, yet adoption rates remain inconsistent across industries and geographical contexts. This quantitative study examines the determinants of AI adoption and its subsequent impact on organizational performance within Malaysian organizations operating in the digital economy. Utilizing a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 384 organizations across multiple sectors in Malaysia through stratified random sampling. The research employs multiple regression analysis and hierarchical regression modelling using SPSS to examine relationships between technological, organizational, and environmental factors and AI adoption decisions, as well as the mediating effect of AI adoption on organizational performance. Results indicate that relative advantage (β = 0.342, p < 0.001), top management support (β = 0.287, p < 0.001), organizational readiness (β = 0.256, p < 0.01), and competitive pressure (β = 0.219, p < 0.01) significantly predict AI adoption. Furthermore, AI adoption demonstrates a significant positive impact on organizational performance (β = 0.468, p < 0.001), explaining 52.3% of the variance in performance outcomes. The findings contribute to the technology adoption literature by validating the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework within the Malaysian digital economy context and provide practical implications for organizational leaders seeking to leverage AI technologies for competitive advantage. This study addresses critical gaps in understanding AI adoption patterns in developing economies and offers evidence-based insights for policymakers and practitioners navigating digital transformation initiatives.
Operational shariah audit in Islamic banks: Conceptual clarity and practice gap
Operational Shariah Audit (OSA) is conceptualised as a distinctive audit domain within Islamic banks that integrates operational performance assurance with Shariah compliance. This paper undertakes a critical literature review of institutional standards and academic studies to examine the evolution of operational auditing and its adaptation within Islamic finance. Drawing on guidance from international audit institutions and Shariah governance frameworks, the review identifies persistent gaps that constrain the effective institutionalisation of OSA. Three key challenges emerge. First, the absence of a consolidated methodology results in inconsistent OSA practices across Islamic banks. Second, auditor competency remains limited, as effective OSA requires dual literacy in both professional auditing standards and fiqh al-muʿāmalāt. Third, regulatory and standard-setting frameworks remain fragmented across jurisdictions, undermining comparability and coherence. Anchored in Islamic Agency Theory and the maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah, OSA is positioned as a governance mechanism that ensures dual accountability—operational performance and Shariah integrity. This paper contributes by clarifying OSA as a distinct audit concept, synthesising key methodological and institutional gaps, and providing a conceptual foundation for future empirical research and regulatory development. The findings underscore the strategic role of OSA in strengthening Shariah governance and enhancing the credibility of Islamic banks.
Integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in problem-based learning (PBL) for chemistry education
This study used the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method to examine the cause-and-effect relationships among key factors influencing the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Problem-Based Learning (PBL) for chemistry education. Four main factors were identified and analysed: AI guidance quality, AI adaptability to student mastery levels, AI support for scientific reasoning, and student engagement and motivation. Expert evaluation and cause-effect analysis revealed that AI guidance quality (D–R = 1.378) and AI adaptability to student levels (D–R = 0.348) are the main driving factors in this system. This means both factors exert strong influence on the other factors. In contrast, AI support for scientific reasoning (D–R = –0.477) and student engagement and motivation (D–R = –1.249) function primarily as effect factors—meaning they are influenced by other AI qualities and functions. Priority analysis based on D+R values showed that AI support for scientific reasoning is the most important factor in the overall system (6.227), followed by AI guidance quality (6.163) and AI adaptability (6.045). Overall, these findings emphasize that effective use of AI in chemistry PBL depends more on pedagogy-based AI design rather than technological features alone. AI guidance quality and its ability to adapt to student levels serve as essential foundations for enhancing students' scientific thinking abilities while also increasing their engagement and motivation in learning.
A preliminary study of the effects of learning styles on learner autonomy among Chinese non-English majors: Learning engagement as a mediator
Learner autonomy is a core outcome of higher education and a key objective in EFL ‎pedagogy, yet its antecedents remain underexplored in Asian tertiary contexts. This‎ preliminary study investigated how learning styles and learning engagement affected learner ‎autonomy among non-English major undergraduates in Xi’an, China. Using a ‎quantitative cross-sectional design, data were collected from 100 students across six ‎universities via a validated self-report questionnaire. Partial Least Squares Structural ‎Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed for data analysis. Results showed that ‎the four learning style modes (Concrete Experience, Reflective Observation, Abstract ‎Conceptualisation, and Active Experimentation) did not directly predict learner ‎autonomy. Autonomy was found to be significantly predicted by learning engagement ‎‎( β = 0.562, t = 4.021). The results of the mediation analysis indicated that the effects of abstract conceptualization and active experimentation on autonomy were significantly mediated by engagement, with coefficients of (β = 0.164, t = 2.246) and (β = 0.250, t = 2.750) respectively. These results point to engagement as a crucial psychological ‎mechanism that connects learning styles to independent learning and offer ‎recommendations for future large-scale studies.‎
Determining key health behaviour priorities for subclinical depression using the Fuzzy Delphi method: Perspectives of counseling psychology practitioners
Subclinical depression, refers to a mild form of depressive disorder that does not meet the full diagnostic criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Despite its subthreshold nature, it exerts a significant impact on individuals’ daily functioning, psychological well-being, and overall quality of life, while also increasing the risk of progression to major depression. Although often perceived as “mild,” subclinical depression is associated with health behaviour practices. In Malaysia, mental health concerns have become increasingly prevalent. The NHMS 2019 reported that 500,000 adults (2.3%) suffer from depression, while among adolescents the prevalence of depressive symptoms increased from 17.7% (2014) to 33.1% (2019). Importantly, many of these cases fall under subclinical categories not meeting full diagnostic thresholds but still impairing functioning. This study aims to identify and prioritize the primary health behavior constructs for individuals with subclinical depression, based on the consensus of counseling psychology practitioners using the Fuzzy Delphi method. This study shows that health behaviours in subclinical depression follow a clear expert-defined hierarchy. Sleep behaviour is the primary and foundational factor, supported by social relationships and daily routine with behavioural activation as key recovery mechanisms. Psychological resilience and coping capacity play a sustaining role, while physical activity and diet act as secondary supports. Life stressors are mainly contextual, highlighting the need to prioritise core self-regulation and behavioural activation in interventions.
Naratif dan mesej animasi terhadap pembentukan karektor kanak-kanak menurut perspektif Islam
Animasi merupakan medium komunikasi visual yang semakin dominan dalam kehidupan kanak-kanak pada era digital. Gabungan naratif dan mesej dalam animasi bukan sahaja berfungsi sebagai hiburan, tetapi juga berperanan membentuk karekter, nilai, dan sahsiah. Walaupun animasi berpotensi menjadi alat bantu didik, terdapat kebimbangan terhadap kandungan yang tidak sesuai, seperti unsur keganasan, stereotaip negatif, dan nilai yang bercanggah dengan prinsip Islam. Selain itu, penggunaan gajet secara berlebihan untuk menonton animasi boleh menjejaskan perkembangan emosi, sosial, dan sahsiah kanak-kanak. Kekurangan garis panduan yang jelas bagi penghasilan animasi patuh Syariah juga menimbulkan cabaran kepada penggiat industri dan pendidik. Kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis kesan naratif dan mesej animasi terhadap pembentukan karektor kanak-kanak serta menilai kesesuaiannya dengan perspektif pendidikan Islam yang menekankan prinsip tauhid, akhlak mulia, dan nilai murni. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif berbentuk analisis kandungan terhadap beberapa siri animasi tempatan dan antarabangsa, dapatan menunjukkan bahawa animasi yang menyampaikan mesej positif dan selari dengan ajaran Islam berpotensi menjadi alat bantu didik yang berkesan. Sebaliknya, pendedahan kepada kandungan tidak sesuai serta penggunaan gajet secara berlebihan boleh menjejaskan perkembangan emosi, sosial, dan sahsiah kanak-kanak. Hasil kajian ini diharap dapat menjadi panduan kepada penggiat industri animasi, ibu bapa, dan pendidik dalam menghasilkan serta memilih kandungan yang menyokong pembentukan insan berakhlak mulia dan berjati diri.
Kesediaan literasi AI dan risiko AI halusinasi terhadap integriti akademik dan niat penggunaan berterusan AI dalam kalangan guru pelatih di Malaysia: Pendekatan NGT
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara kesediaan literasi kecerdasan buatan (AI), risiko AI halusinasi, integriti akademik, dan niat penggunaan berterusan AI dalam kalangan guru pelatih di Malaysia menerusi pendekatan Teknik Kumpulan Nominal (NGT). Peningkatan penggunaan AI generatif dalam pendidikan tinggi menimbulkan cabaran baharu terhadap integriti akademik, khususnya berkaitan fenomena AI halusinasi yang menghasilkan maklumat tidak tepat atau rekaan. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif melalui NGT yang melibatkan sesi perbincangan berstruktur dengan guru pelatih dan pakar bidang untuk mengenal pasti, menjana, dan mengutamakan isu-isu kritikal berkaitan literasi AI dan kesannya terhadap amalan akademik. Data dikumpul melalui proses NGT empat peringkat iaitu penjanaan idea secara senyap, perkongsian idea secara berperingkat, perbincangan kumpulan, dan pengundian untuk mengutamakan isu. Kajian ini dijangka menyumbang kepada pemahaman mendalam tentang persepsi guru pelatih terhadap keupayaan literasi AI mereka, kesedaran tentang risiko AI halusinasi, komitmen terhadap integriti akademik, serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi niat mereka untuk terus menggunakan AI sebagai alat pembelajaran. Dapatan kajian ini penting untuk merangka garis panduan dan modul latihan literasi AI yang berkesan bagi memastikan penggunaan AI yang beretika dan bertanggungjawab dalam kalangan bakal pendidik di Malaysia.
Challenges and opportunities using mobile communication applications (MCAP) in an online learning environment
The unprecedented pivot from traditional face-to-face instruction to digital learning environments in Malaysia, accelerated by global disruptions, has unveiled a constellation of structural, pedagogical, and technological barriers impeding the efficacy of online education. Anchored in the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), this study critically examines the multifaceted inhibitors to online learning adoption, with particular attention to performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, social influence, trust, and learner satisfaction. Through a comprehensive synthesis of recent literature, findings reveal that Malaysian students grapple with uncertainty regarding the pedagogical effectiveness of digital platforms, compounded by insufficient digital literacy and limited fluency with complex technological tools. Systemic infrastructural inequities, particularly in rural and underserved regions, further marginalize student access, while inconsistent instructional engagement undermines the cultivation of a digitally cohesive learning culture. Additionally, pervasive apprehensions surrounding data privacy, cybersecurity, and academic integrity erode institutional trust, whereas persistent technical glitches detract from user satisfaction and learning continuity. Addressing these challenges necessitates a multi-layered and inclusive approach emphasizing the enhancement of digital competencies, the fortification of infrastructure, and the fostering of digitally resilient pedagogical ecosystems. This review offers timely insights into the dynamics shaping the online learning landscape in Malaysia and provides strategic considerations for educational policymakers, institutional leaders, and digital learning practitioners seeking to navigate the evolving contours of higher education in the digital age.
Digital inclusion intervention for women microentrepreneurs in East Coast Peninsular Malaysia: Integrating digital literacy, social support, and entrepreneurial capabilities NGT approach to selecting the most practical and impactful interventions
This study constructs a combined digital inclusion intervention model for women micro-entrepreneurs in East Coast Peninsular Malaysia, based on the intersection between digital literacy, social support system and entrepreneurial capability enhancing. Women micro-entrepreneurs in Kelantan, Teren-gganu and Pahang encounter complex barriers such as inadequate digital infrastructure, low technological literacy, poor business networks and sociocultural norms that impede them to engage in the digital economy. Using the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) approach, seven experts purposively selected from government officials, training providers, digital literacy entrepreneurs women who have succeeded in enterprise and financial institutions participated in a virtual consensus-building session held on Google Meet. Experts identified and prioritised six key interventions through five formal rounds of silent generation (ideas), round-robin (sharing ideas), group discussion (reasoning) and total priority voting. The findings showed that it was univer sally agreed upon (across all ratings) that "Easy Financial Records & Cashflow Workshop using apps" was the number one priority (100% consensus), followed by "Content and Live Selling Training (By Phase)" (95.24% consen sus) and finally, "Digital Security & Anti Scam Training" garnered a 90.48% consensus. Our results show preference on the part of experts for agents that connect digital tools to business objectives with significant focus on financial management and revenue generation as opposed to early-stage technical training. This approach is an evidence-based guide for the policy makers and program designers to adopt a business value first standpoint in terms of how best to tailor initiatives on digital inclusion for rural women entrepreneurs in developing economies.
The use of dual filial piety and self-acceptance intervention modules on meaning in life and self-regulation ability of Chinese college students: A literature review
Due to the characteristics of strict access and relatively flexible graduation in Chinese higher education, many college students experience difficulties in stimulating intrinsic learning motivation. After entering university, some students show reduced goal clarity, accompanied by declines in meaning in life (MIL) and self-regulation ability (SRA), which are associated with increased psychological distress. This review examines the major sources of MIL and the key influencing factors of SRA, and clarifies the theoretical rationale for considering approaches that integrate dual filial piety (DFP) and self-acceptance (SA). Drawing on a systematic review of the literature, the findings indicate that MIL and SRA emerge from the interaction between environmental contexts and individual psychological processes. By synthesizing evidence on core sources of MIL, including social relationships, self-identity, and value systems, as well as primary determinants of SRA, this review further examines the roles of DFP and SA and their associations with MIL and SRA. The literature suggests that DFP and SA function as culturally salient environmental and individual factors, respectively, closely linked to meaning construction and self-regulatory functioning among Chinese college students. Integrating these two constructs provides a theoretically grounded perspective for understanding MIL and SRA in this population and offers implications for future research and intervention development.
Tahap kesediaan untuk berubah dalam kalangan klien pemulihan dadah dari perspektif kaunselor pelatih
Rawatan kaunseling penyalahgunaan dadah adalah berbeza dengan kaunseling tradisional. Keperluan untuk melihat kesediaan untuk berubah dalam kalangan klien adalah antara aspek yang mesti dikuasai oleh kaunselor penyalahgunaan dadah. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti perbezaan tahap kesediaan untuk berubah antara klien sukarela dan klien di bawah perintah mahkamah melalui temubual yang dilaksanakan oleh kaunselor pelatih yang dikaji. Kajian ini menggunakan keadah kuantitatif melalui keadah kajian tinjauan terhadap kaunselor pelatih dengan menggunakan senarai semak. Dapatan deskriptif menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan dari segi kesediaan untuk berubah antara kedua-dua kumpulan klien yang dikaji. Klien sukarela cenderung menunjukkan tahap kesediaan yang lebih tinggi berbanding klien di bawah perintah mahkamah (mandatori). Dapatan kajian ini menyumbang kepada pemahaman kaunselor mengenai tahap kesediaan untuk berubah penagih dadah yang mana akan membantu ke arah perkhidmatan membantu yang lebih cekap.
Augmented reality and ethical reasoning: A mini review of pedagogical frameworks and future directions in secondary education
This mini-review brings together recent research (from 2020 to 2025) on how Augmented Reality (AR) can help students in secondary school learn about morals and ethics better, when guided by three key frameworks: Universal Design for Learning (UDL), the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML), and Rest’s Four Component Model (FCM). AR is no longer just seen as a way to make learning more fun; it can now place students in realistic situations where they have to think about right and wrong, understand different viewpoints, and reflect thoughtfully through interactive and immersive experiences. To find this information, a detailed search was done across several academic databases like Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. The search used specific key terms like AR, immersive technology, moral or ethical education, secondary education, and the three frameworks mentioned. Using a process based on PRISMA, only peer-reviewed English articles published between January 2020 and December 2025 were included, and other types of studies or non-peer-reviewed materials were left out. The findings show that AR works best when its design clearly includes (a) UDL to support different types of learners and make things more accessible, (b) CTML to help students process information without getting overwhelmed, and (c) FCM to move from understanding moral issues to making decisions, being motivated to act morally, and actually doing something about it. However, the research also shows some problems: many AR projects focus on quick engagement and short discussions without showing that students apply these lessons in real life; there’s not always consistency in using CTML, which can lead to confusion or overload; and AR isn’t often used in a way that covers all parts of the FCM, especially when it comes to taking action. Overall, the review finds that AR can help students in secondary school develop better moral reasoning, but its success depends on using these frameworks in a thoughtful way, checking its long-term effects, and using better ways to measure how students’ morals and behaviors change.
The role of AI-based tools in supporting reading development among learners with hearing disabilities: A narrative review
This narrative review examines the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) based tools in supporting reading development among learners with hearing disabilities, focusing on their potential, limitations, and future directions (Empowering Education: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Supporting Students with Disabilities). Reading acquisition remains a significant challenge for this population due to reduced access to phonological awareness and auditory-based language cues, yet recent AI innovations, including speech-to-text systems, adaptive learning platforms, and natural language processing, offer promising solutions by providing personalized, multimodal, and accessible learning pathways. Literature was sourced from databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, PubMed, and Google Scholar, using targeted search terms related to AI, hearing impairment, and literacy. Peer-reviewed studies in English from 2020 to 2025 were also included for analysis. Findings highlight that AI tools can enhance literacy through personalization, immediate feedback, and visual or text-based supports, though definitional inconsistencies, reliance on small-scale studies, affordability barriers, and ethical concerns, such as algorithmic bias, limit their broader application. The evidence suggests that hybrid approaches, combining teacher expertise with AI-driven personalization, may be the most effective strategy. However, long-term and large-scale outcomes remain underexplored. This review contributes to clarifying current opportunities and challenges, while also calling for more rigorous, culturally responsive research and for policymakers and practitioners to prioritize equitable access, teacher involvement, and ethical practices in implementing AI-driven literacy solutions.
Strategi menangani cabaran pengajaran masalah bukan rutin algebra tingkatan dua dalam persekitaran PDP dalam talian
Pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP) matematik, khususnya topik Algebra Tingkatan Dua, menuntut keupayaan murid untuk menyelesaikan masalah bukan rutin yang memerlukan pemikiran aras tinggi, penaakulan logik dan kebolehan membuat generalisasi. Walau bagaimanapun, peralihan kepada PdP dalam talian telah mewujudkan pelbagai cabaran pedagogi, kognitif dan teknologi yang menjejaskan keberkesanan pengajaran penyelesaian masalah bukan rutin. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti dan mennentukan keutamaan strategi berkesan dalam menangani cabaran pengajaran masalah bukan rutin (PMBR) bagi topik Algebra Tingkatan Dua dalam persekitaran pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP) dalam talian. Pengajaran PMBR bukan rutin, yang menuntut Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT) dan pelbagai strategi penyelesaian, sering berhadapan dengan halangan seperti kurangnya interaksi langsung, kesukaran memantau proses penaakulan pelajar, dan keterbatasan alat digital dalam talian. Kajian ini menggunakan Kaedah Fuzzy Delphi (Fuzzy Delphi Method, FDM) dengan penglibatan lima orang pakar dalam bidang pendidikan matematik dan teknologi pendidikan. Data dianalisis menggunakan perisian FUDELO untuk menentukan nilai ambang (threshold), peratus konsensus pakar, nilai defuzzification dan kedudukan keutamaan strategi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa strategi berpusatkan pelajar seperti pembelajaran koperatif dalam talian terancang, maklum balas formatif segera dan integrasi alat visualisasi Algebra merupakan strategi utama yang dipersetujui pakar. Implikasi kajian ini memberi panduan kepada guru dan pembuat dasar dalam merancang PdP Algebra bukan rutin yang lebih berkesan dalam persekitaran dalam talian.
Prinsip keadilan sebagai asas kontrak dalam muamalat Islam: Analisis teori, fiqh dan implikasi kontemporari
Keadilan merupakan prinsip asas dalam setiap kontrak muamalat Islam dan menjadi pembeza utama berbanding sistem kontrak konvensional yang sering berorientasikan keuntungan. Artikel ini meneliti konsep keadilan sebagai pilar kontrak dalam Islam dengan menekankan aspek teori, dalil al-Qur’an dan hadis, serta aplikasi dalam fiqh muamalat dan kewangan Islam kontemporari. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis kepustakaan terhadap sumber utama syariah serta karya fiqh klasik dan moden. Hasil analisis mendapati bahawa keadilan menurut perspektif Islam ditakrifkan sebagai wad‘ al-shay’ fi mahallihi (meletakkan sesuatu pada tempatnya), bukan semata-mata persamaan matematik. Konsep ini diaplikasikan melalui penetapan rukun dan syarat akad, larangan gharar, maisir dan monopoli, serta perlindungan hak kedua-dua pihak dalam kontrak. Dapatan juga menunjukkan bahawa prinsip keadilan terzahir dalam instrumen perbankan Islam seperti mudharabah, istisna’ dan wadiah, khususnya dalam pembahagian risiko dan keuntungan. Selain itu, kajian mendapati terdapat cabaran dalam memastikan keadilan diaplikasikan secara konsisten dalam amalan perbankan Islam kontemporari, termasuk isu kadar keuntungan, kontrak bay‘ al-‘inah dan tawarruq. Analisis ini menegaskan bahawa prinsip keadilan perlu diintegrasikan dengan kerangka Maqasid al-Shariah untuk memastikan kontrak muamalat Islam bukan sahaja sah secara hukum, tetapi juga berfungsi sebagai instrumen keadilan sosial dan ekonomi. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahawa keadilan bukan sahaja asas kontrak tetapi juga teras kepada kelangsungan sistem kewangan Islam yang holistik. Penemuan ini memberikan sumbangan penting kepada kajian fiqh muamalat dan membuka ruang untuk perbincangan lanjut mengenai mekanisme audit keadilan kontrak dalam industri kewangan Islam.
A framework of HIFZBUDDY for facilitating Qur'anic memorization: Digital learning approach
The memorisation of the Qur'an is a practice that requires discipline, consistency, and practical tools to support long-term retention. However, traditional methods often face challenges such as time constraints, a lack of personalised guidance, and limited engagement. Therefore, this study proposes a framework for HifzBuddy, a mobile application that supports Qur'anic memorisation through interactive and adaptive learning features. The project first goes for analysis and identifies various challenges that may arise within the current system. Then, developing a comprehensive framework outlining effective strategies and solutions to address these problems, ensuring more efficient and sustainable outcomes. This will involve gathering data, consulting stakeholders, and applying best practices to create a robust, adaptable structure tailored to the organisation's needs. The principal results at this stage include completing the entire application framework, encompassing key features such as personalised dashboards, murajaah tools, quizzes, progress tracking, community forums, and teacher-student modules. The findings contribute a conceptual and practical model for integrating technology with Qur'anic memorisation pedagogy, leading towards the development of a scalable digital platform for global use.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Islamic, Social, Economics and Development
Developing an Islamic psychospiritual mental health model using Nominal Group Technique (NGT).
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global mental health crisis, requiring culturally appropriate therapeutic interventions. Islamic psychospiritual approaches offer promising frameworks to address mental health challenges within Muslim communities. This study aims to evaluate the suitability of ten Islamic psychospiritual intervention components for supporting mental wellbeing through an expert consensus process using the Nominal Group Technique (NGT). A Nominal Group Technique was employed with [N=XX] experts in Islamic psychology, counseling, and mental health. Participants independently rated ten items/elements of psychospiritual intervention components on a suitability scale. The components includes dhikr (remembrance), muraqabah (mindfulness), tafakkur (contemplation), Quranic therapy, nafs management, and integrated Islamic counseling approaches. Analysis revealed that majority of the interventions achieved high suitability scores (86.67%-100%), indicating strong expert consensus on psychospiritual approaches. The highest-rated components were: Living Practice of Dhikr and Prayer, Tafakkur Training, Muraqabah as Islamic Mindfulness, Quranic Recitation Therapy, and Structured Prayer, with scores of [specific percentages]. These findings demonstrate expert preference for techniques integrating neurophysiological calmness with spiritual stability. Islamic psychospiritual interventions offer a holistic and culturally congruent framework for mental health promotion among Muslim populations. The high consensus scores validate these approaches of integration into mental health services and student wellbeing programs.
Employment information cocoon and anxiety amplification under algorithmic recommendatio
In the social media ecosystem dominated by algorithmic recommendation technology, users are prone to form information cocoons due to long - term exposure to homogeneous employment content, which may exacerbate the occupational anxiety of the college student group. Existing research mainly focuses on the behavioral impacts of information cocoons, lacking quantitative analysis of their psychological effects and the underlying mechanisms of algorithmic technology. This study aims to reveal how the algorithmic recommendation mechanism affects occupational anxiety by constructing an employment information cocoon and to verify the moderating effect of individual cognitive reflection ability, providing theoretical support for the precise intervention of occupational anxiety in the digital age. This study adopts a quantitative research method. Through stratified sampling, 420 undergraduate students from three universities in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, were selected as the sample. The Career Anxiety Scale and multi - level linear regression model were used for data analysis, and the Bootstrap method (with 1000 repeated samplings) was introduced to test the mediating effect. The study found that the intensity of the information cocoon has a significant positive impact on occupational anxiety (Cohen ’ s d = 2.13, p < 0.001). For every 30 - day exposure in the information cocoon, the anxiety level increases by 0.23 standard deviations. The homogenization of recommended content affects occupational anxiety through two paths: directly enhancing the perception of occupational competition (B = 0.35) and indirectly reducing occupational self - efficacy (B = 0. 19), with the total mediating effect accounting for 58.7%. Cognitive reflection ability plays a moderating role. High cognitive reflection ability can reduce the growth rate of anxiety (β = - 0.17, p = 0.032), while those with low cognitive reflection ability are prone to fall into a negative cycle. The study confirms that the algorithm - driven information cocoon is a technical inducement for occupational anxiety. Based on this, it is recommended to formulate intervention strategies from two aspects: optimizing the recommendation logic and enhancing individual cognitive reflection ability, providing an empirical basis for constructing an algorithm governance framework and a college student occupational mental health service system.
Pendekatan flipped classroom dalam pendidikan Islam: Suatu tinjauan literatur sistematik terhadap pelaksanaan dan keberkesanan
Pendekatan flipped classroom semakin diterima sebagai inovasi pedagogi berpusatkan pelajar dan berpotensi meningkatkan keberkesanan Pendidikan Islam selaras dengan tuntutan abad ke-21 tanpa mengabaikan nilai Islam. Namun, kajian berkaitan masih terpisah dan belum disintesis secara sistematik. Oleh itu, kajian ini menjalankan Tinjauan Literatur Sistematik (SLR) berpandukan kerangka PRISMA terhadap artikel jurnal berwasit yang diterbitkan antara 2017 hingga 2025 melalui pangkalan data Scopus, Web of Science dan Google Scholar. Sebanyak 23 artikel dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik. Dapatan menunjukkan pelaksanaan flipped classroom melibatkan pelbagai reka bentuk pedagogi dan integrasi teknologi seperti sistem pengurusan pembelajaran, video dan e-pembelajaran. Dari segi keberkesanan, majoriti kajian melaporkan peningkatan pencapaian akademik, pemahaman konsep, penglibatan pelajar, pembelajaran kendiri serta sokongan terhadap kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi dan pembentukan nilai Islam apabila dilaksanakan secara terancang. Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini menyediakan sintesis berasaskan bukti bagi menyokong perancangan dan pelaksanaan inovasi pedagogi berasaskan teknologi dalam Pendidikan Islam.
Pembangunan pelancongan Mangrove (Bakau) dan kelestarian alam di Pantai Pesisir Mundu Kabupaten Cirebon
Pada tahun 2017, Hutan Bakau Pantai Mundu telah dikunjungi oleh ramai pelancong, tetapi dari tahun 2018 hingga 2022 hutan bakau ini ditutup dan tiada lagi kunjungan daripada pelancong. Infrastruktur sedia ada di kawasan hutan bakau turut rosak. Pengurus mengalami keterbatasan dalam menguruskan kawasan hutan bakau. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemuliharaan, pengalaman pembelajaran, tindakan bertanggungjawab, pembangunan perniagaan, sumber boleh diperbaharui dan penyertaan masyarakat terhadap kelestarian alam sekitar pelancongan hutan bakau Pantai Mundu. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah campuran. Kajian itu menjalankan temu bual dan mengedarkan soalan kajian kepada pengembara dan pengurus pelancongan hutan bakau. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa pemboleh pemuliharaan, pengalaman pembelajaran, tindakan bertanggungjawab, pembangunan perniagaan, sumber boleh diperbaharui dan penyertaan masyarakat mempengaruhi kelestarian alam sekitar pelancongan hutan bakau. Strategi yang perlu dijalankan untuk membangunkan eko-pelancongan di kawasan hutan bakau pantai Mundu adalah dengan menjalankan kajian alam sekitar dan kelestarian, melibatkan masyarakat setempat, mengurus pelancongan berasaskan pemuliharaan, pendidikan alam sekitar, infrastruktur yang baik, kerjasama dengan pihak luar, pendidikan pelancongan yang bertanggungjawab, pemantauan dan penilaian.
Integrated waqf information governance to enhance data standardisation, accountability and institutional performance in Malaysia
This paper examines the critical role of integrated waqf information governance in enhancing data standardisation, institutional accountability, and overall performance of waqf institutions in Malaysia. As waqf assets continue to grow in complexity and value, the need for comprehensive information governance frameworks has become increasingly apparent. This study explores the current challenges facing Malaysian waqf institutions in managing information systems, identifies gaps in existing governance practices, and proposes an integrated approach to strengthen data management capabilities. Through a comprehensive literature review and analysis of contemporary research, this paper demonstrates that effective information governance can significantly improve transparency, decision-making processes, and stakeholder confidence in waqf management. The findings suggest that adopting standardised information governance frameworks, implementing robust technological solutions, and fostering a culture of accountability are essential for optimising waqf institution performance and maximising social impact in Malaysia.
Augmented reality in art education: A narrative synthesis
This narrative review examines the integration of augmented reality (AR) in art education, with particular emphasis on pedagogical practices, student-centred learning approaches, and creative applications. By synthesising recent scholarly literature from 2013 to 2025, the review highlights how AR provides interactive, immersive, and multisensory experiences that enhance student engagement, motivation, and conceptual understanding. Thematic analysis identified three primary dimensions of AR implementation: teacher training, learning methods, and applications. Teacher preparedness emerged as a critical factor, with effective integration requiring both technical proficiency and pedagogical competence. Student-centred learning approaches supported by AR facilitate experiential learning, collaborative activities, and creative exploration, enabling learners to visualise abstract concepts, develop spatial reasoning, and build creative confidence. AR applications in art education range from foundational visual literacy in primary and secondary education to advanced creative skill development in higher education, including digital sketching, 3D modelling, virtual exhibitions, and interactive storytelling. Despite its promise, challenges persist, including limited professional development opportunities, insufficient curriculum integration, and the absence of standardised assessment frameworks, which constrain the sustainable adoption of AR in educational settings. The review underscores the need for theoretically grounded, longitudinal, and interdisciplinary research to evaluate long-term learning outcomes, support holistic skill development, and inform scalable AR interventions. By providing a comprehensive synthesis of current trends, challenges, and future directions, this study offers valuable insights for educators, researchers, and policymakers seeking to enhance the quality, relevance, and inclusivity of art education within digitally enriched learning environments.
Analisis hubungan struktur faktor kritikal dan punca kurang implementasi pengajaran penyelesaian masalah bukan rutin algebra tingkatan tiga dalam talian menggunakan kaedah DEMATEL
Tujuan: Perubahan kepada persekitaran digital telah menunjukkan faktor kritikal dalam pedagogi matematik terutamanya dalam Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT) melalui Penyelesaian Masalah Bukan Rutin (PMBR) Algebra. Kajian ini mencadangkan idea baharu berbeza dengan kajian terdahulu dengan menggunakan Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) untuk menggambarkan secara impirikal hubungan kausal (sebab-akibat) yang kompleks antara punca kurang implementasi pengajaran PMBR Algebra Tingkatan Tiga dalam talian.Metodologi: Menganalisis hubungan matriks pengaruh langsung antara empat faktor kritikal melalui pengumpulan data daripada lima (5) pakar yang berkemahiran tinggi, iaitu faktor Metakognitif Digital Scaffolding (F1), Ketidaksesuaian Alat Digital (F2), Tahap Motivasi Kendiri Pelajar (F3), dan Kualiti dan Struktur Interaksi Kolaboratif Maya (F4). Dapatan: Analisis akhir DEMATEL menolak hipotesis yang menyalahkan pelajar. Sebaliknya, kajian ini mengesahkan bahawa Tahap Motivasi Kendiri Pelajar (F3) adalah faktor terkesan sistemik dengan nilai D-R paling negatif (-1.675), menjadikan sebagai faktor penerima (key dependent) utama. Analisis hubungan kausal mendedahkan bahawa Metakognitif Digital Scaffolding (F1) dan Ketidaksesuaian Alat Digital (F2) adalah faktor utama (key drivers) dengan nilai D-R positif tertinggi (0.799 dan 0.702) dan mengesahkan bahawa kekurangan terletak pada strategi guru dan pemilihan teknologi serta bukan pada inisiatif pelajar. Implikasi: Kajian ini memberikan panduan yang unik bagi intervensi atau pemulihan yang bertujuan meningkatkan penguasaan PMBR wajib mengutamakan latihan pedagogi guru dan penstrukturan semula ekosistem peralatan digital. Kegagalan untuk menangani F1 dan F2 akan menyebabkan penurunan motivasi (F3) sebagai ciri berterusan pada pembelajaran Algebra dalam talian.
Politik pembangunan di Terengganu: Dinilai dan ditafsir semula
Politik Terengganu sebelum PRU ke-10 (PRU tahun 1959-1995) menyaksikan sokongan pengundi terhadap UMNO begitu kukuh dan dominan. Walau bagaimanapun, keputusan pasca PRU ke-10 (PRU tahun 1999-2023) menunjukkan UMNO dan PAS mempunyai peluang yang seimbang untuk membentuk kerajaan di Terengganu. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa pembangunan merupakan faktor utama yang mempengaruhi pembentukan budaya politik di Terengganu sebelum dan selepas PRU ke-10. Namun begitu, pasca PRU ke-10, pembangunan tidak lagi ditafsirkan sekadar mengecapi nikmat keselesaan semata-mata, malahan mesti turut disepadukan dengan prinsip keadilan.
Identifying core social relationship factors in the psychological recovery of subclinical depression: An expert consensus study using the Fuzzy Delphi method
Social relationships are a key determinant of psychological well-being, influencing emotional regulation, stress management, coping capacity, and overall life satisfaction across the lifespan. Supportive connections with family, friends, peers, and the community provide emotional comfort and play an important role in fostering hope, meaning, and adaptive functioning during psychological recovery. Recovery-oriented mental health perspectives emphasise that recovery is inherently relational, relying on supportive social environments rather than solely on internal psychological processes. In this context, subclinical depression defined by depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for Major Depressive Disorder remains clinically significant, as it is linked to impaired functioning, reduced quality of life, emotional distress, and social withdrawal. These symptoms can progressively weaken interpersonal relationships, further limiting social support and hindering psychological recovery. This study aims to identify and prioritize the core social relationship factors in the psychological recovery of subclinical depression, based on the consensus of counseling psychology practitioners using the Fuzzy Delphi method. Study concludes that psychological recovery in individuals with subclinical depression is predominantly shaped by the quality of social relationships rather than their structural characteristics. Through iterative expert consensus and defuzzification, the availability of emotional support emerged as the highest-priority factor, reflecting strong convergence among experts regarding its central role in recovery.
Assessing FinTech behavioral adoption to enhance financial readiness for retirement among Malaysian gig workers: A conceptual framework
The rapid growth of gig economy has sparked worry about gig workers ability to retire with dignified financial wellbeing especially when employer-based benefits are absent and their incomes are inconsistent. Nowadays, financial technology (fintech) has become increasingly pertinent in financial management, offering everyone including gig workers new method to monitor their income, schedule automatic savings and to contribute voluntarily to their personal retirement fund. Yet, the studies about how their willingness to adopt fintech may influence their Financial Readiness for Retirement (FRR) are still limited. This paper proposes a conceptual framework that associates Fintech Behavioral Adoption (FBA) to FRR, grounded in the Net Valence Framework (NVF). In this model, FBA is shaped by how gig workers weigh the benefits of fintech such as easy to use, lower costs, and better financial oversight against the risks they associate with it, including privacy concerns and possible financial loss. When perceived benefits outweigh perceived risks, gig workers are more likely to adopt fintech to manage their finance and subsequently improve their FRR. The framework recommends a new insight for policymakers, financial institutions and platform providers seeking to design digital financial tools that useful for this vulnerable groups for preparing for their retirement age.