Journal of Islamic, Social, Economics and Development
The Journal of Islamic, Social, Economics and Development (JISED) is an academic, refereed journal published quarterly. JISED publishes articles and theoretical reviews. JISED aims to address conceptual paper, book & article review, theoretical and empirical research issues that impact the development of Islamic, Social, Economics and Development as an educational and scientific discipline, and promote its efficiency in the economic, social and cultural contexts. The publication for this refereed journal are quarterly (March, June, September and December). The journal aims to publish all quality submission in time to ensure the impact of humanities research quickly conveyed, examined, and disseminated worldwide. Simultaneously, it visions to become the benchmark for the research and publications in all the fields of tourism, hospitality and environment management and to promote the superior standards globally. This journal uses double-blind review, which means that both the reviewer and author identities are concealed from the reviewers, and vice versa, throughout the review process. To facilitate this, authors need to ensure that their manuscripts are prepared in a way that does not give away their identity.
From stigma to literacy: Examining the underlying forces shaping mental health awareness among university students
This study investigates the factors influencing mental health awareness among students at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kelantan. With increasing concerns over mental health issues in higher education, understanding the determinants of awareness is crucial for developing effective interventions. A quantitative research design was employed, and data were collected from 109 students across various programme using a structured questionnaire. The study examined three independent variables: attitude towards mental health, knowledge of mental health issues, and media exposure. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis via SPSS, and the findings revealed that all three variables significantly influence students’ awareness of mental health. Among them, attitude towards mental health emerged as the strongest predictor, followed by knowledge and media exposure. These results suggest that fostering positive attitudes, improving mental health literacy, and promoting responsible media engagement can enhance awareness among university students. The study provides valuable insights for educators, mental health practitioners, and policymakers in designing targeted mental health promotion strategies within university settings.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Islamic, Social, Economics and Development
From apps to AI: How digital tools are reshaping language instruction in primary schools
The integration of digital tools into primary-level language instruction has emerged as a transformative force in 21st-century education. This systematic literature review explores how digital technologies—particularly artificial intelligence (AI), gamified applications, and multimodal literacy platforms—are being utilized to enhance language teaching and learning in primary school settings. Using the PRISMA framework, this study synthesizes findings from 48 empirical studies published between 2021 and 2025, focusing on three central themes: (1) the impact of digital tools on student language proficiency and engagement, (2) challenges and strategies in teacher implementation, and (3) the role of digital pedagogies in supporting linguistically diverse learners. Findings indicate that AI-driven systems and gamified learning environments significantly improve oral expression, writing skills, and learner motivation. However, successful integration is often hindered by limited teacher digital competence, infrastructural constraints, and misalignment between tool design and pedagogical goals. The review also highlights the potential of digital tools such as e-blogs, interactive platforms, and speech recognition systems in promoting inclusive and equitable literacy development, particularly for underserved and multilingual students. This review underscores the need for comprehensive teacher training, institutional support, and policy frameworks that facilitate meaningful and equitable use of digital tools in early language education. By identifying current trends, persistent challenges, and future directions, the study contributes valuable insights for educators, researchers, and policymakers aiming to harness technology for more effective and inclusive language instruction at the primary level.
When words kill: Islamic legal reflections on cyberbullying-induced suicide
This article explores the phenomenon of cyberbullying that leads to the victim’s death, particularly suicide driven by severe psychological distress, especially in light of the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI), which has increased the potential for anonymous, automated, and large-scale digital abuse, all examined through the lens of Islamic law. The study adopts a qualitative approach using content analysis of Islamic legal sources such as the Qur’an, Hadith, and the opinions of scholars from major schools of thought. The main focus is to determine the classification of this crime within the Islamic legal framework and the appropriate form of punishment for perpetrators of digital bullying. The findings reveal that death resulting from cyberbullying does not warrant the application of qisas punishment due to the presence of doubt (syubhah) in the evidentiary process, which nullifies the imposition of qisas, just as it does with hudud punishments. Therefore, cybercrimes that culminate in suicide should be addressed through diyah or ta'zir punishments, which grant judicial authorities the discretion to impose penalties based on public interest and contemporary needs. This study highlights the necessity of contemporary ijtihad in dealing with digital crimes in line with the principles of justice and prevention in Islamic law.
Accessing factors influencing business resilience: A conceptual framework
This paper discusses the interdependencies among entrepreneurial orientation, digital adoption, institutional support, and business resilience within micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). Business resilience may be understood as the capacity of businesses to anticipate, absorb, adapt to, and recover from disruption. Entrepreneurial orientation is claimed to boost resilience through the encouragement of innovation, proactivity, and risk-taking; digital adoption strengthens resilience by means of facilitating technologies that improve continuity, flexibility, and market coverage; institutional support in the form of policies, funding, and capacity building anchors the resilience of companies in crisis. Based on current Malaysian and other emerging economy empirical evidence, the paper proposes a conceptual framework whereby entrepreneurial orientation and institutional support both directly influence and interact with digital adoption to inform business resilience. The framework offers testable hypotheses and measurement suggestions for the assessment of these drivers in MSMEs. The model developed here is intended to guide subsequent empirical research and policy formulation to strengthen resilience of MSMEs against growing uncertainty.
Combating child labour in Malaysia: Addressing root causes through legal, economic and educational reforms
Child labour remains a persistent and critical issue globally, including in Malaysia, where it threatens the well-being, education, and future opportunities of children. Defined by the International Labour Organization (ILO) as work that impairs children's development, education, and health, child labour is deeply rooted in poverty, socio-economic disparities, cultural norms, and weak legal enforcement. Despite Malaysia’s legal frameworks, such as the Children and Young Persons (Employment) Act 1966 and labour ordinances in Sabah and Sarawak, gaps remain in enforcement, especially regarding vulnerable populations like refugees and stateless children. This report explores the multidimensional aspects of child labour, including its definitions, contributing factors, effects on children's physical and mental health, and broader socio-economic implications. It emphasizes that child labour perpetuates cycles of poverty, reduces educational attainment, and undermines national development by weakening human capital formation. Challenges such as poverty, informal employment, globalization, and ineffective enforcement further complicate efforts to eradicate child labour. The report concludes by recommending a multi-faceted approach involving legal reform, poverty alleviation, access to education, public awareness, and international cooperation. Only through integrated, sustained, and inclusive efforts can Malaysia effectively combat child labour and protect the rights and future of all children.
The behavioural intention of audit software adoption among Malaysian auditors: Barriers, perceived benefits, and the moderating role of growth mindset
Digital technologies have changed the way the audit profession works through the adoption of Computer-Assisted Audit Tools and Techniques (CAATTs), including audit software. However, despite the benefits given by these technologies, the adoption rate of audit software among Malaysian auditors lags behind expected levels. This conceptual paper aims to explore the barriers and perceived benefits influencing audit software adoption among Malaysian auditors, and to introduce growth mindset as a moderating variable that may be able to strengthen auditor’s willingness to adopt the audit technologies. Referring to the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), this study proposes a framework that links the four main constructs, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions in explaining the behavioural intention to adopt audit software. Introducing the growth mindset as a new variable into the model is considered the primary theoretical contribution, of which auditors with a growth mindset are more likely to be open to technological changes, willing to learn new skills, and capable of overcoming barriers to realize the benefits of adopting new audit technology. This proposed conceptual model, incorporating a psychological factor, will provide regulators, accounting firms, and professional bodies with better strategies to boost digital adoption in the Malaysian audit sector.
Factor influencing the behavioral intention for smart farming (drone) application among oil palm smallholders.
Smart farming in plantations brings numerous benefits to agricultural practices especially among smallholders in oil palm plantation. By leveraging advanced technologies like drones farmers can enhance efficiency in operation and optimize crop production. The limited adoption of drones among smallholders in agriculture is mainly due to financial constraints and lack of knowledge and skills. The study aims to determine factors that impact the behavioral intention of adopting smart farming technology (drone) among oil palm smallholders in Johor, Malaysia. This study used the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) as the conceptual foundation in developing the conceptual framework. The quantitative research method had been employed, and data had been collected through a structured questionnaire that had been distributed to 256 oil palm smallholders in Johor using convenience sampling technique. The data had been analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software, and descriptive analysis and multiple regression analysis had been conducted to determine the relationship between the independent variables (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions) and the dependent variable (behavioral intention to adopt smart farming technology). The findings of this study would provide insights into the current level of adoption and the factors influencing the acceptance of smart farming technology (drone) among oil palm smallholders in Johor. This study can also be used as reference material for policy maker, government, and industry.
A systematic review of perspective transformation in humanities: Mezirow’s framework and contemporary issues (2020–2025).
Living with HIV presents complex psychological, social, and existential challenges that go beyond conventional clinical issues. Effective interventions need to adopt a comprehensive and context-based educational approach. However, People Living with HIV (PLHIV) are often viewed as passive recipients in the learning process, with insufficient emphasis on their role as agents of change. This paper proposes a qualitative conceptual framework that explores the potential of Transformative Learning Theory (TLT) as a catalyst in the processes of identity reconstruction and empowerment for PLHIV. Through the synthesis of theory and literature analysis, this framework integrates TLT, Socio-Cultural Theory, Situative Learning, Role Transition Theory, and Bloom's Taxonomy, emphasising holistic learning that encompasses cognitive, emotional, and social dimensions. The framework highlights the importance of past experiences and social context in shaping critical reflection and learning outcomes for PLHIV, shifting their role from passive recipients to active agents of change. This paper also proposes a culturally sensitive adult learning approach to foster self-resilience, reduce stigma, and support ongoing transformation, while also highlighting the potential for future qualitative research through narrative inquiry, phenomenology, and action research.
The Muslim entrepreneur practices on halal supply chain management: A study in small enterprise
The objective of this study is to understand the process of the practices for Halal supply chain management among Muslim entrepreneurs specifically in small enterprises. Moreover, this study is conducted based on qualitative methodology through interviews to better understand the practices of Halal supply chain management by the Muslim entrepreneur in their own business specifically in small enterprises. In addition, the findings of this study found that Halal supply chain management is built on avoiding direct contact with Haram, resolving contamination risks, and assuring compliance with Muslim customer perceptions. Product and market characteristics, in particular, are essential determinants in the management of Halal supply chains. A deeper awareness of the concepts for organizing the Halal supply chain among Muslim entrepreneurs is also essential. Apart from that, there is a lack of academic research in the actual practices of Halal supply chain management by the Muslim entrepreneur especially in small enterprises. This is due to the search in the Scopus database that there are only 20 papers that study Halal supply chain management and a few of these papers focus on the Muslim entrepreneur with small enterprises. Thus, this study provides the actual practices of the Halal supply chain management throughout the process of Halal products and additional knowledge specifically for Muslim entrepreneurs that involve the production of Halal products in small businesses.
Enhancing workplace conflict resolution in Malaysia: Lessons from Japan’s consensus-building practice of nemawashi in industrial relations
This study examines the conflict-mitigating potential of ‘Nemawashi’, a Japanese consensus-building practice, in Malaysian workplaces. In Malaysia, conflict often results from gaps in communication and misaligned goals between employees and management, which affects the company's performance. ‘Nemawashi’ advocates informal dialogues in advance and can be applied during scenarios like negotiating workplace policies or arising disputes over job assignments to gain consensus on both parties of a dispute. By building common understanding and securing agreement up front, this practice aligns with the cultural values of harmony and fulfils statutory obligations, namely Sections 18 and 20 of the Industrial Relations Act 1967. However, it may face resistance to change since each workplace has different dynamics and consensus-building calls for training. Recommendations include embedding ‘Nemawashi’ in company policies, holding consensus-building skills development workshops, and establishing open communication channels. This strategy fosters a collaborative Nemawashi’, Workplace Conflict and Industrial Relationsand proactive working environment, benefiting Industrial Relations in Malaysia.
Predictors and gender differences in intention to vote among Malaysian undergraduate students
This paper investigates predictors and gender differences in voting intention among Malaysian undergraduate students, building upon the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Data were collected from 422 students from Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) using a structured questionnaire that assessed six predictors: candidate perception, pre-election perception, subjective norms, persuading methods, awareness, and social network engagement. Descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the levels of predictors and intention to vote, while an independent sample t-test examined the effect of gender. Findings revealed generally positive perceptions toward all predictors, with the highest mean recorded for candidate perception (M=6.25) and awareness (M=5.9). However, gender differences were statistically insignificant (p>0.05). These results, when compared with prior studies using structural equation modeling (SEM), reinforce the importance of socio-psychological and contextual factors in shaping youth voting intention. The findings contribute to understanding the political behaviour of Malaysian youth under the Undi18 policy and highlight implications for civic education and digital political literacy. Keywords: Voting intention, youth voters, gender, political engagement, Malaysia, Undi18
Optimizing liquidity for technological advancement: A strategic model for 4IR manufacturing in Oman
This study investigates the strategic nexus between liquidity optimization and the adoption of Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies in driving sustainable manufacturing performance in Oman. Utilizing panel data from 25 publicly listed manufacturing firms on the Muscat Stock Exchange over the period 2013–2023, the research applies fixed-effects and random-effects regression models, complemented by mediation analysis, to evaluate how effective liquidity practices—measured through cash conversion cycle, inventory turnover, and receivables/payables efficiency—impact operational and financial performance. Findings demonstrate that firms with optimized liquidity structures exhibit superior return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE), while also being better positioned to adopt critical 4IR technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and automation. Technological adoption mediates nearly 29% of liquidity’s influence on performance, emphasizing its pivotal role in transforming financial efficiency into digital capability. The study proposes a strategic model linking financial management and digital transformation, offering practical implications for industrial policymakers and business leaders under Oman Vision 2040. It fills a crucial gap in the literature by integrating liquidity strategy with technological advancement to enhance competitiveness and sustainability in emerging economies.
Operational efficiency and waste in halal manufacturing: insights from case studies of Malaysian MSMEs
This study explores waste in halal manufacturing firms in Malaysia to increase operational efficiency. Based on the multiple case study method, three micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in halal food sector are selected using purposive sampling technique. Interview protocol is developed comprising three parts; opening, waste in halal manufacturing, and closing. The managers or owners of the MSMEs are interviewed for about 30-45 minutes and recorded. The interview data are transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal eight themes, i.e., defect, overproduction, waiting time, non-utilized talents, transportation, inventory, motion and extra processing, called DOWNTIME waste. It implies the urgency to introduce and adopt supply chain digitalization and supply chain risk management in enhancing operational efficiency among MSMEs, the key players in halal supply chain. This study extends the operations management literatures by developing the nexus between DOWNTIME waste in lean management with halal industries context. In addition, the findings advanced the current understanding of operational challenges facing halal MSMEs through a qualitative exploration, offering depth beyond quantitative waste analysis found in the existing literature.
Counterfeit cosmetics perception among Muslim government servants in Wisma Persekutuan Taiping, Perak
The aim of this research is to ascertain whether a significant difference exists in the perceptions of Muslim consumers concerning counterfeit cosmetic products in Wisma Persekutuan Taiping, contingent upon their degree of religiosity and brand awareness. We used the basic random sample method to get 239 surveys from Muslim government workers living in Wisma Persekutuan Taiping. We then used SPSS software to look at the data. The study's findings revealed a significant association between brand consciousness and the perception of Muslim government personnel in Wisma Persekutuan Taiping concerning counterfeit cosmetics. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that there is no significant association between religiosity and the attitudes of Muslim government personnel in Wisma Persekutuan Taiping towards counterfeit cosmetics. This study contributes to the current literature on Halal cosmetics research and provides important information to authorities on how Muslim consumers see fake cosmetic items. These findings can help regulators make the halal cosmetics business better regulated.
The role of performance appraisals and feedback in employee dismissal for unsatisfactory performance
The use of performance appraisal and feedback are other important aspects of industrial relations, especially where there are concerns about employee performance, and where dismissals have been affected in such a case. In this paper, I dissect the systematically formal purpose of appraisals and feedback where it is concerned with appraising, documenting, and managing performance complaints. They point out how objective feedback can ensure that violations are consistent with the organizational policies and avoid the facets that may lead to lawsuits, enhance the accountability of the organization. The best practice in appraisal is as significant in minimizing the chances of disagreements while it strengthens affiliation and compliance with the law besides promoting development through the training. This research therefore shows through literature review and case study how appraisals and feedback are fundamental tools in strategic human resource management. This research also has important implications for HR practitioners interested in equal employment opportunity policy compliance and efficient and legally sound dismissals.
Empowering hardcore poor entrepreneurs in Kelantan through e-invoicing innovation
E-invoicing has emerged as a significant process innovation, streamlining financial operations and fostering transparency, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness. While the benefits of e-invoicing are widely acknowledged among large businesses, this paper explores how e-invoicing can serve as a transformational tool to empower hardcore poor entrepreneurs in Kelantan. This conceptual paper applies the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to explore how e-invoicing can empower hard core poor entrepreneurs, enhance supply chain integration, and support sustainable development.
The role of business development support unit in AmMetLife Takaful
The research investigates the role of the Business Development Support Unit in AmmetLife Takaful among employees at AmmetLife Takaful, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. AmmetLife Takaful, a partnership between AMMB Holdings Berhad (AmBank Group) and MetLife International Holdings, Inc. aims to provide comprehensive Takaful solutions in line with Shariah principles. This study delves into the Islamic finance landscape, emphasizing Takaful as a Sharia-compliant alternative to conventional insurance. It explores the principles of mutual assistance and charity within Takaful, contrasting it with conventional finance. The Business Development Support Unit's significance in maintaining accurate business information, ensuring regulatory compliance, and supporting company objectives within the framework of Islamic finance principles is highlighted. The study employs a qualitative research approach, utilizing interview to gather insights from employees of the Business Development Support Unit. Data collection and analysis methods are outlined, focusing on understanding the role of employees in business support development, maximizing work productivity, and addressing Takaful issues and challenges. The research concludes with recommendations for strategic enhancements to support AmmetLife Takaful's goals and identifies limitations for future research.
Chatbots as companions? A correlational study of AI usage and loneliness among university students
This study examines the relationship between AI chatbot usage and loneliness among public university students, with a focus on how students engage with chatbots such as ChatGPT for emotional and academic support. The research is motivated by the growing integration of AI into students’ daily routines and increasing concerns about emotional isolation in higher education. A quantitative research design was employed. Data were collected from 160 public university students using a structured questionnaire comprising the Chatbot Usability Questionnaire (CUQ) and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale Version 3. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), and Spearman’s rho correlation was applied to assess the association between chatbot use and loneliness. Findings revealed a non-significant correlation between chatbot usage and loneliness. This indicates that chatbot engagement does not significantly interact with loneliness levels among students. While chatbots may provide temporary emotional engagement, they appear insufficient in addressing deeper experiences of social or emotional isolation. The study highlights that AI chatbots should be viewed as a complement rather than a substitute for genuine human interaction. The findings carry implications for educators, mental health professionals, and technology developers, particularly in enhancing digital support systems within higher education. Future research is encouraged to explore how chatbot design and functionality may influence emotional well-being outcomes.
The influence of learning style in introductory programming course of biology students
The critical role of learning styles in programming education is emphasizing the need for instructional approaches that accommodate the diverse ways students absorb, process, and retain information. Integrating learning styles such as visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and reading or writing into programming curricula can improve comprehension, retention, and engagement while fostering problem-solving skills and confidence. Despite the benefits, many programming education programs fail to address these varied learning preferences, leading to diminished understanding and preparedness for diverse work environments. This study aims to identify the relationship between learning styles and student performance, assessing the impact of tailored instructional methods on educational outcomes. Two out of four groups were randomly chosen using cluster sampling who enrolled in a C++ Basic Programming Course among B.Sc. (Hons) Biology students. VARK Questionnaires were distributed and the VARK score was determined for each participant. Meanwhile, the performance of students was determined by four assessments. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and the results indicate no relationship between learning styles and student performance. However, a significant moderate linear relationship was found between the different learning styles, suggesting the presence of collinearity between variables. This implies that a learner may favor more than two learning styles. This overlap can make it challenging to differentiate the impact of each learning style on educational outcomes, especially in research or when designing instructional methods tailored to specific learning preferences. Recommendations will be provided for effectively incorporating learning styles into programming courses, ultimately enhancing students' career readiness and establishing a stronger foundational programming knowledge.
Voluntary and involuntary termination: Legal, ethical, and organizational implications in managing employee separation
This study investigates Malaysian termination policies from legal, ethical, and organizational perspectives. Regarding the terms under the Employment Act 1955 and Industrial Relations Act 1967, terminations often generate conflicting interests between businesses and employees. Usually linked to a change in employment or retirement, voluntary terminations which often follow a legal process may cause operations to be hampered but leave less legal documentation. On the other hand, terminations are found to be forced and based on duplicity or misconduct; this naturally indicates insufficient procedural justice during the termination process as evidenced in Ng Chang Seng Seng v Technip Geoproductions. This study adopts a legal analysis approach and case literature review to assess the impact of voluntary and involuntary terminations on workers’ rights in Malaysia. The study recommends reforms to the structure of severance benefits and increased access to career transition programs.
Towards a conceptual model of AI adoption in public sector accounting
Malaysia is experiencing a significant technological shift, with Artificial Intelligence (AI) increasingly integrated across various sectors, including public administration, healthcare, education, finance, and transportation. Recognizing its transformative potential, the Malaysian government has prioritized raising public awareness of AI to ensure inclusive and beneficial adoption. However, the broad implementation of AI in the public sector presents challenges, particularly around issues of trust, data privacy, and the dissemination of misinformation. This conceptual paper aims to explore the key factors influencing the adoption of AI in public sector accounting. Specifically, it proposes a framework incorporating organizational culture, communication structure, competitive pressure, regulatory support, management support, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use as determinants of AI adoption. Additionally, the role of trust is introduced as a potential mediating variable in the relationship between perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and AI adoption. By developing a theoretical model grounded in existing literature and relevant adoption theories, this paper seeks to contribute to academic discourse and guide future empirical research.
The effect of technological, organizational and environmental factors on artificial intelligence adoption among Malaysia MSMEs: A preliminary analysis
This is a preliminary study aims to determine the effect of technological, organizational and environmental factors on artificial intelligence (AI) adoption among Malaysia MSMEs. This study embarks on the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework. Using a questionnaire adopted from a previous study, this study obtains 34 responses from MSMEs in Malaysia which have been selected using convenience sampling. Data are tested using correlation and multiple regression analysis. Findings show a significant correlation between organizational and environmental factors with AI adoption at a significant level of 0.05. Moreover, the multiple regression analysis reveals that the model is statistically significant and explains the variation in AI adoption by 18.8%. However, organizational factor is the only predictor that has a significant positive effect on AI adoption, implying that top management support towards AI trainings to increase employees’ awareness and readiness are critical for successful AI adoption in MSMEs. Therefore, this study provides valuable preliminary insights to Malaysian policymakers and companies on how to enhance AI adoption among Malaysia MSMEs for the future economic growth.
Raising communicative children: Exploring parental strategies for Generation Alpha in Malaysia
This study explores the strategies Malaysian parents employ to enhance the communication skills of Generation Alpha, defined as children born between 2010 and 2025 who are growing up surrounded by digital technologies. Communication competence is an important life skill that influences emotional, social and cognitive development, yet the increasing presence of digital devices has raised concerns about the decrease of interpersonal interaction among children. Guided by Social Learning Theory by Bandura and Ecological Systems Theory by Bronfenbrenner, this research examines how parental behaviours, family environments and digital practices contribute to the development of communication abilities in young children. A total of 217 parents from various regions of Malaysia participated in this quantitative descriptive study through structured online questionnaires containing open-ended questions. Responses were analyzed thematically to identify recurring parental strategies and communication practices. Findings reveal that parents commonly employ a combination of traditional and technology-supported approaches such as encouraging daily conversations, modelling positive communication, managing screen time, involving children in social activities and guiding the use of educational media. These strategies were found to improve children’s verbal confidence, empathy and adaptability while excessive gadget use, inconsistent parental monitoring and lack of communication awareness emerged as key challenges. The study concludes that effective communication development requires a balanced relationship between digital exposure and interpersonal interaction. Parents play a crucial role as communicative role models whose consistent engagement, emotional warmth and constructive guidance shape the linguistic and social growth of Generation Alpha in Malaysia.
Workplace discrimination against employees with disabilities: Challenges in hiring and promotion practices
This study examines workplace discrimination faced by employees with disabilities, focusing on hiring and promotion challenges. The primary problem identified is the persistence of barriers, such as biases and inadequate accommodations, which hinder employment opportunities and career advancement for individuals with disabilities. Objectives include analyzing current recruitment practices and proposing strategies to foster inclusivity. The methodology using a qualitative study by looking at previous case studies that have occurred. Findings indicate that inclusive recruitment, clear accommodation guidelines, and disability awareness training are critical to overcoming bias. The study concludes that integrating these practices not only supports legal compliance but also promotes a more equitable and diverse workforce. The implications suggest that organizations committed to inclusivity can enhance their talent pool, improve workplace culture, and set a standard for fair employment practices.
TripEase: A smart mobile application for promoting tourism in Kelantan
Kelantan is rich in culture, nature, and crafts, but remains underrepresented on digital travel platforms. Tourists often struggle to plan trips to Kelantan because travel info is scattered across many sites and apps. This project developed TripEase, a mobile tourism application designed specifically to streamline and enhance travel planning within Kelantan. The application functions as a platform that consolidates destination browsing, attraction discovery, accommodation booking, and navigation assistance using Google Maps. The system was developed using the Rapid Application Development (RAD) methodology. The application improves user experience by streamlines the process of accessing tourism-related information from multiple sources. Future enhancements could include multi-language support, implementing push notification for timely communication regarding any updates and incorporating recommender system in giving related suggestion to tourist. TripEase contributes significantly to the digital transformation of regional tourism in Malaysia by offering a comprehensive, efficient, and scalable solution. According to this SUS result, TripEase has meet the standards in terms of system usability and overall user experience. It has been proven that TripEase has a clean and user-friendly interface and provides an engaging and seamless user experience.
Zakat distribution to the poor and needy: Issues and challenges faced by Lembaga Zakat Negeri Kedah (LZNK)
This study examines the issues and challenges in the implementation of zakat distribution to the poor and needy by Lembaga Zakat Negeri Kedah (LZNK). The primary objective is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the zakat distribution mechanism, with a particular focus on how funds are collected, managed, and allocated to eligible recipients. By analyzing the operational framework of LZNK, the study identifies key weaknesses in zakat management, specifically bureaucratic inefficiencies that hinder timely and effective distribution to the intended beneficiaries. A qualitative research design was employed to capture in-depth perspectives from key stakeholders. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with selected LZNK officers to explore administrative practices, decision-making processes, and on-the-ground implementation. This approach also enabled the researcher to examine the socio-economic factors influencing zakat distribution and to identify specific operational challenges faced by amil (zakat administrators). The findings reveal several critical barriers to effective zakat distribution, including bureaucratic delays, low awareness among potential recipients, and negative public perceptions regarding zakat governance. These obstacles reduce the overall impact of zakat as a social welfare instrument. The study emphasizes the importance of adopting strategic improvements, such as leveraging technology for more efficient outreach, enhancing transparency in financial management, and strengthening community engagement initiatives. By addressing these challenges, this research contributes to the broader discourse on the role of zakat in poverty alleviation and social justice. It highlights the need for institutional reforms to improve the efficiency, accountability, and effectiveness of zakat distribution, thereby enhancing its socio-economic impact in Kedah.
Kesediaan pekerja untuk latihan dalam talian bagi unit terapi carakerja sektor perubatan swasta
Pascapandemik COVID-19, latihan dalam talian dipercepatkan dalam unit terapi carakerja sektor swasta namun pelaksanaannya kerap terbatas oleh infrastruktur, kemahiran digital dan penerimaan inovasi. Kajian ini menilai kesediaan pekerja untuk latihan dalam talian menggunakan Model Aydin & Tasci (2005) merentasi empat faktor (teknologi, inovasi, manusia, pembangunan diri) dan tiga dimensi (sumber, kemahiran, sikap). Seramai 70 ahli terapi carakerja di Shah Alam dipilih melalui persampelan mudah. Soal selidik Likert 5 mata dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensi (ujian‑t, ANOVA, korelasi Pearson; p<0.05). Kesediaan keseluruhan adalah tinggi dengan Min (SP)=4.15 (0.86). Faktor teknologi tertinggi, Min (SP)=4.41 (0.76), pada aras dimensi, kemahiran tertinggi, Min (SP)=4.30 (0.75). Hanya pengalaman bekerja membezakan kumpulan (ANOVA p=0.017), manakala pengalaman berkorelasi positif tetapi rendah dengan kesediaan (r=0.367, p<0.01). Implikasi menunjukkan organisasi perlu mengekalkan kesiapsiagaan teknologi dan memperkukuh motivasi serta pengurusan masa pekerja berpengalaman melalui mikro‑pembelajaran dan pengiktirafan sumber manusia bagi meningkatkan penyertaan.
Harnessing technological innovation to overcome challenges in pilgrimage rituals
The Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages represent highly complex spiritual journeys that demand meticulous organization to ensure the safety, comfort, and smooth flow of millions of pilgrims. This study aims to explore the role of technology and innovation in addressing the diverse challenges encountered by pilgrims throughout the performance of these sacred rituals. These challenges encompass issues of overcrowding, communication, health, safety, and logistical management. By analyzing a range of modern technological applications—including integrated pilgrim management systems, drone technology, mobile applications, artificial intelligence, and health monitoring systems—this study evaluates the effectiveness of such innovations in improving the overall pilgrimage experience. The findings reveal that the adoption of technology not only mitigates risks but also streamlines management processes and enhances the clarity of guidance provided to pilgrims, thereby ensuring a safer and more efficient pilgrimage. Furthermore, the study discusses the obstacles associated with technological implementation and presents recommendations for future enhancement. In conclusion, technology and innovation play a pivotal role in shaping a more organized, secure, and spiritually meaningful Hajj and Umrah journey, underscoring the need for their comprehensive integration into pilgrimage management systems.
Addressing integrity in the workplace: Strategies for promoting ethical behavior among employees
Integrity in the workplace plays a pivotal role in maintaining organizational success and fostering ethical behavior among employees. This study investigates the challenges organizations face in promoting integrity and the strategies that can be implemented to enhance ethical practices. The problem lies in the prevalence of unethical behaviors such as fraud, harassment, and corruption that continue to undermine organizational values. The objective of this research is to identify effective methods for promoting ethical behavior, with a focus on leadership, training, and organizational policies. The study utilizes a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative insights from employee experiences with quantitative assessments of ethical outcomes. The results suggest that ethical leadership, structured training programs, and robust policies are critical in mitigating unethical behaviors and improving organizational culture. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of fostering a culture of integrity, which not only ensures long-term sustainability but also strengthens trust with stakeholders and enhances overall employee morale.
The role of strategic entrepreneurship in the growth of successful cooperatives: A case study in Malaysia
This paper aims to explore the role of strategic entrepreneurship in the growth of successful cooperatives in Malaysia. Although cooperatives are an important contributor to the country's economy, their contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is still low at around 3% despite the presence of more than 16,000 registered cooperatives. This study uses a qualitative approach through the case study method of 12 successful cooperatives in Malaysia identified by the Malaysian Cooperative Commission (SKM). Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using NVIVO 12 Plus software. The results of the study found that the implementation of strategic entrepreneurship has a positive impact on the growth of cooperatives. Five main themes were identified: (i) entrepreneurial thinking, (ii) entrepreneurial culture and leadership, (iii) strategic resource management, (iv) application of innovation and creativity, and (v) social value creation. This study also developed a comprehensive model to explain the relationship between the five themes that interact with each other in driving cooperative growth. These findings are expected to serve as a guide for policymakers and cooperative management in strengthening the cooperative growth strategy in Malaysia in a sustainable manner.
Profil personaliti, kecerdasan emosi dan kepuasan kerja guru di satu daerah di negeri Terengganu
Kajian ini dijalankan bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti jenis personaliti, tahap kecerdasan emosi, dan tahap kepuasan kerja dalam kalangan guru di satu daerah di Negeri Terengganu. Reka bentuk kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif berbentuk tinjauan, dengan pemilihan sampel secara persampelan rawak berlapis (stratified random sampling). Seramai 320 orang guru sekolah menengah daripada 16 buah sekolah telah dipilih sebagai responden berdasarkan Jadual Saiz Sampel Krejcie dan Morgan (1970), dengan kira-kira 20 orang guru daripada setiap sekolah. Tiga set instrumen soal selidik digunakan sebagai alat pengumpulan data, iaitu Inventory Big Five bagi mengukur personaliti guru, Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (SEIS) bagi menilai tahap kecerdasan emosi, dan Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) bagi menentukan tahap kepuasan kerja. Data yang dikumpul dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan min, peratusan dan frekuensi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa personaliti Kepersetujuan (Agreeableness) merupakan personaliti dominan dalam kalangan guru, tahap kecerdasan emosi berada pada tahap sederhana, dan tahap kepuasan kerja (intrinsik dan ekstrinsik) juga berada pada tahap sederhana. Dapatan ini memberikan implikasi terhadap keperluan pembangunan profesional guru khususnya dalam memperkukuh kecerdasan emosi dan meningkatkan kepuasan kerja bagi menyokong kesejahteraan serta keberkesanan pengajaran.
Impact of arms race on human development between the United States and Russia
This study investigates the effects of the Cold War arms race (1947–1991) between the United States and the Soviet Union on human development, with particular attention to healthcare, education, and economic growth. A mixed-methods approach integrates quantitative data from government budgets, health statistics, and economic performance with qualitative evidence from declassified documents, academic research, and case studies. A comparative historical method shows how resources were redirected from social programs to military spending, creating long-term structural weaknesses in both nations. The study expects to reveal the costs of underfunded healthcare, distorted educational priorities, and the consequences of Soviet central planning and the U.S. market-based system. It also examines the “security paradox,” where heavy military investment weakened social and economic stability even while aiming to increase national power. The research seeks to demonstrate a link between Cold War militarization and setbacks in human development, offering insights into the broader trade-offs of superpower competition.
Khauf in Islam: A conceptual analysis and spiritual implications
Khauf (fear) is a fundamental element in Islamic spirituality that shaping the relationship between a servant and God. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the emotional and spiritual balance of a Muslim, guiding behavior and nurturing sound moral character. Khauf and raja’ are essential aspects of Islamic spirituality and ethics, forming the foundation of faith, conduct, and one’s relationship with the Divine. In the Sufi tradition, khauf reflects a sense of awe and reverence for the responsibility before God and trust in Allah’s mercy and benevolence. This study examines of khauf from the Islamic perspective. The study shows that although khauf (fear) carries various shades of meaning depending on the Quranic context, all these meanings stem from the same fundamental concept, namely safeguarding oneself from the wrath of Allah through firm faith, sincere devotion, and avoidance of His prohibitions. This study provides significant implications in ensuring the accuracy of Quranic interpretation from a linguistic perspective, while also serving as a key reference for exegetes, translators, as well as scholars of Arabic linguistics and Quranic studies.
Ethical issues for artificial intelligence utilization in Malaysian higher education.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly changing higher education in Malaysia, offering advanced solutions to enhance teaching, learning, and administrative processes. However, this technological change brings significant ethical challenges that must be addressed to ensure responsible and inclusive adoption. Key concerns issues include data privacy violations, academic dishonesty facilitated by AI-generated content, algorithmic bias, and unequal access to AI tools, particularly between urban and rural institutions. This paper critically examines these ethical issues through a conceptual and thematic review of existing literature, focusing on student and educator perceptions, institutional readiness, and gaps in governance. Findings shows a lack of comprehensive ethical frameworks, insufficient AI literacy, and limited policies to ensure transparency, fairness, and accountability. To address these challenges and issues, this study proposes the important development of a localized ethical framework that emphasizes inclusivity, data protection, and cultural sensitivity. By embedding these principles into national and institutional policies, Malaysian higher education can harness AI’s transformative potential while safeguarding core academic values of integrity, equity, and trust.
The role of smart technologies in enhancing policy compliance for urban sustainability
Malaysia’s rapid urbanisation poses challenges for environmental protection and sustainable resource management, particularly in ensuring compliance with existing urban policies. Despite various initiatives, weak enforcement and limited use of technology hinder effective implementation. This paper examines how smart technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Big Data analytics can strengthen policy compliance mechanisms for urban sustainability. Using a conceptual framework supported by Malaysian case illustrations (e.g., smart grids, smart transport, IoT waste management, and smart water systems), the study identifies barriers such as infrastructure gaps, financial constraints, and low public awareness. It further proposes actionable solutions, including enhanced data-driven enforcement, citizen engagement platforms, and public–private partnerships. The findings provide theoretical contributions to policy enforcement and practical implications for urban governance in developing economies.
Kepelbagaian mekanisme pemberian harta dalam Islam: Analisis terhadap peranannya dalam merealisasikan maqasid syariah
Islam menggariskan pelbagai mekanisme pemberian harta seperti zakat, infaq, sedekah, wakaf, hibah, wasiat, fidyah, kafarah, dan qard hasan bagi memastikan keseimbangan sosial dan ekonomi umat. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kepelbagaian mekanisme tersebut serta menilai peranannya dalam merealisasikan maqasid syariah, khususnya dalam aspek pemeliharaan agama, nyawa, akal, keturunan, dan harta. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan dengan meneliti sumber utama dan sekunder bagi memahami hubungan antara mekanisme pemberian harta dan maqasid syariah. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa setiap mekanisme ini memainkan peranan tersendiri dalam memastikan pengagihan kekayaan yang adil serta meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Selain itu, kajian ini turut menyoroti cabaran dalam mengamalkan mekanisme pemberian harta serta mencadangkan langkah-langkah untuk mengoptimumkan penggunaannya dalam konteks semasa. Kajian ini memberikan sumbangan penting dalam memahami konsep pemberian harta dalam Islam serta peranannya dalam membentuk masyarakat yang lebih inklusif dan sejahtera.
Exploring the relationship between financial literacy and business resilience: A conceptual pape
The paper creates a conceptual model that expounds financial literacy and business resilience among Malaysian micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). Business resilience refers to firms' ability to forecast, withstand, and adapt to disruptions. With the current epoch of economic shocks, technology disruption, and weather challenges, business resilience is imperative. Financial literacy—behavior, knowledge, and attitudes towards managing money—is one of the most important intangible assets that enables entrepreneurs to make informed decisions, manage cash flow, and access external finance. While important, the evidence from Southeast Asia has been inconclusive as regards the direct effect of financial literacy on resilience, with some results suggesting no weak or significant relationships. However, there is contemporary evidence that shows financial literacy, institutional support, and adaptive financial behaviors are responsible for amplifying the effect of financial literacy on resilience outcomes. Grounded on the Resource-Based View (RBV), this article positions financial literacy in a strategic intangible asset that promotes business resilience through its ability to increase preparedness, adaptability, and capacity to recover. The model suggested contributes theoretically by recognizing financial literacy as a hitherto neglected but imperative aspect of building resilience, and in practice offers evidence to policymakers and teachers as to how to integrate financial education and digital finance into SME development programs.
The role of internships and work-based learning in enhancing graduate employability: Bridging the gap with labor market needs
Malaysia witnesses a gaping difference in academic knowledge gained by graduates and the required practical skills demanded by employers, which create a very major skills gap and complicate the employability of graduates. This disparity has forced many students not to find employment associated with their qualifications. Programmes such as internships and experiential learning initiatives are important in addressing this issue by exposing students to real-world practices and bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application. This research examines the benefits and challenges of such initiatives, highlighting their role in equipping graduates with critical skills such as problem-solving, communication and adaptability. It further emphasizes the need for heightened collaboration between industry and academia, by which government support may align the outcomes of education to the changing demands of the labour market.
The differences of driving behaviour, experience and previous traffic incident involvement between gender in Malaysia
The number of cars in Malaysia has gone up because of better living conditions that come with economic growth. The consequence is that there are more drivers on the road than ever before, increasing the likelihood of traffic mishap, in addition to making traffic control difficult. The study intended to examine potential gender differences concerning driving behaviour, experience, and previous traffic incident involvement in Malaysia. The Driving Behaviour Questionnaires was used to collect data that covers three out of four factors such as violations, errors and lapses. Descriptive and independence t-tests were used in the study. Significant differences were observed in the gender mean scores for all five items. While the effect sizes for all the items were small except for lapses which showed no effect. The study’s findings are projected to shade lights to policymakers in formulating the best traffic strategies to develop public confidence and to promote driver’s accountability on the road. With that, this will make the journeys safer and less risky to everyone. Last but not least, this paper presents the limitations and implications of the research.
Determinants of intention to use digital marketing: A study among consumers' intention in purchasing agro-based products in Selangor.
This comprehensive study delves into the multifaceted factors shaping consumers' intentions to engage in the purchase of agro-based products through digital marketing within the context of Selangor. Anchored in the theory of planned behavior, the research meticulously scrutinizes the intricate interplay of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, dissecting their impact on consumers' proclivity to embrace digital marketing for agro-based product procurement. A robust dataset of responses from 385 participants was meticulously gathered through a survey questionnaire, and subsequent analysis employed both descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis and regression analysis. The study's insightful conclusions highlight how important perceived behavioral control is and clarify how much of an impact it has on customers' willingness to choose to buy agro-based products via digital marketing channels. Furthermore, the research illuminates a noteworthy correlation between consumers' demographics and their inclination to engage in agro-based product purchases through digital platforms. In essence, this study serves as a rich repository of insights into the intricate dynamics influencing consumers' intentions to leverage digital marketing for agro-based products acquisitions in Selangor. The nuanced findings hold substantial relevance for businesses and marketers operating in the agribusiness sector, offering a roadmap for refining marketing strategies and fostering more profound consumer engagement in this evolving digital landscape.
The barriers and accessibility of Klang Valley residents in accessing healthcare
This research examines the barriers and accessibility challenges faced by Klang Valley residents in accessing healthcare services. With a growing population and diverse socioeconomic groups, the Klang Valley presents a unique case for exploring how healthcare accessibility is influenced by factors such as geographic location, affordability, availability of healthcare professionals, and insurance coverage through online questionnaires. The study identifies key obstacles such as long waiting times, high out-of-pocket expenses, limited healthcare coverage, and transportation issues, which affect residents' ability to obtain timely medical care. Through survey data and analysis, this research reveals the significant role of digital health solutions, including mobile health applications, in improving access to healthcare, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings underscore the importance of expanding healthcare infrastructure, increasing the availability of healthcare personnel, and implementing cost-effective strategies to address these barriers. By addressing these issues, the research aims to provide recommendations for policymakers and healthcare providers to enhance the accessibility and quality of healthcare services in urban areas like Klang Valley.
The assessing factors of trust in zakah governance among income zakah payers: A case study in Kelantan.
Despite the vital role that zakah plays in fostering social welfare and economic fairness within Muslim communities, there is a major lack of confidence between zakah payers and zakah organizations, notably in Malaysia. This skepticism is frequently linked to perceived shortcomings in governance procedures, such as insufficient fairness, quality of services, accountability and transparency in the management and governance of zakah. Previous research has found that these reasons contribute to individuals' reluctance to fulfill their zakah obligations through formal channels, resulting in a drop in zakah compliance and compromising the effectiveness of zakah distribution systems. Furthermore, the Council of Islamic Religion and Malay Customs of Kelantan (MAIK) confronts hurdles in terms of public perception of governance quality, exacerbating trust issues. The lack of defined principles and standards for zakah governance has led in discrepancies in operational processes and a scarcity of credible information about fund management. As a result, understanding the causes of trust in zakah governance is critical for increasing MAIK's legitimacy and effectiveness. As a result, additional empirical research is needed to uncover the elements influencing trust in Zakah governance, particularly in Kelantan. This quantitative study examines the drivers of trust in zakah governance, with a focus on MAIK, using Social Trust Theory. The study attempts to discover crucial elements that influence zakah payers' faith in zakah authorities, which is critical for increasing compliance and boosting the effectiveness of zakah distribution. A standardized survey was used to collect data from zakah payers of various demographics to investigate their attitudes of accountability, transparency, fairness, and service quality within MAIK. The findings show that accountability, as expressed in the credibility and competency of zakah authorities, has a considerable impact on payer trust. Furthermore, transparency in financial reports and operational operations is critical to instilling trust in the institution. The report also emphasizes the necessity of fairness in both collecting and distribution processes, which helps to foster a positive impression of zakah governance. Using Social Trust Theory, this study demonstrates that trust is a communal expectation molded by institutional behavior and governance quality. These findings imply that increasing trust through better governance practices can lead to enhanced zakah compliance, benefiting social welfare and economic fairness in the community. This study provides a basic framework for the future research on trust dynamics in zakah governance, as well as practical recommendations for policymakers looking to strengthen zakah governance systems. Finally, this study can suggest a strategic strategy for optimizing the improvement of zakah collection in Kelantan.
Assessing the impact of AUKUS and its strategic implications for ASEAN’s regional security
The formation of AUKUS, a trilateral security alliance between Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States, has introduced a significant transformation in the strategic landscape of the Indo-Pacific region. Officially announced in September 2021, the pact aims to strengthen Australia’s defense capabilities, particularly through the acquisition of nuclear-powered submarines, as a strategic response to the growing influence of China. While AUKUS is presented as a mechanism to uphold a rules-based international order and promote regional stability, its broader implications for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) are complex and multifaceted. This study critically examines the impact of AUKUS on ASEAN’s regional security framework, focusing on both the challenges and opportunities it presents. Key concerns include the potential for an arms race, increased militarization, and the risk of internal divisions among ASEAN member states due to differing strategic alignments with global powers. Furthermore, the emergence of AUKUS raises questions about ASEAN’s centrality and its capacity to maintain a neutral, inclusive, and cohesive regional security architecture. Conversely, AUKUS may serve as a catalyst for ASEAN to reassess its security strategies, strengthen intra-regional cooperation, and enhance resilience against external pressures. By analyzing the diverse responses of ASEAN member states, this research underscores the need for unified and adaptive approaches to navigate the evolving geopolitical environment. The findings highlight ASEAN’s pivotal role in maintaining peace, stability, and strategic balance in the Indo-Pacific amid intensifying competition among major powers.
Reconstruction of student engagement model for collaborative technology
Student engagement becomes one of the challenges in online education as proven by previous researchers. Student engagement goes down in online learning process. Online education is performed by using collaborative technology to accomplish teaching and learning tasks remotely. Since student engagement was found to affect students’ performance in their learning, this study came out with a model that helps to determine features of collaborative technology that influence student engagement. Primarily, students who are interested in their learning tend to perform better and will exhibit enthusiasm toward what they learn. With the reference of social presence theory in constructing the model, there are several items are split into another variable to demonstrate the use of collaborative technology in online education activities. Besides, this model will shed a light on how to enhance student engagement by using collaborative technology in remote learning and diffusely will help to improve their potential in education.
Applikasi kaedah-kaedah syarak sebagai panduan pemilihan pemimpin semasa pilihanraya dalam konteks negara Malaysia
Malaysia mengamalkan sistem demokrasi berparlimen, di mana rakyat diberi mandat memilih kerajaan melalui Pilihan Raya Umum (PRU) pada setiap lima tahun. Urusan memilih pemimpin adalah amanah syarie yang wajib ditunaikan serta telah menjadi perkara ijmak. Kajian lepas banyak menilai faktor politik seperti faktor isu, lokasi, sentimen, dan latar belakang yang mempengaruhi sentimen pengundi semasa PRU, tetapi kurang mengintegrasi prinsip fiqh dalam pemilihan pemimpin. Kajian ini bertujuan membincangkan panduan memilih pemimpin berasaskan prinsip dan kaedah syarak, dan juga melalui analisa peranan serta ciri-ciri utama pemimpin menurut Islam. Metodologi yang digunakan ialah kajian kualitatif berbentuk kajian perpustakaan dengan analisis kandungan, menggunakan sumber fiqh an-nusus, kaedah-kaedah syarak, ijtihad, dan pandangan ulama klasik serta kontemporari. Kajian ini mencadangkan algoritma tiga langkah sebagai panduan dalam pemilihan pemimpin: pertama, menilai gabungan parti yang mempunyai majoriti Ahli Parlimen Islam; kedua, menilai manifesto gabungan berdasarkan Fiqh al-Muwazanat dan Maqasid al Syariah; ketiga, menilai calon berdasarkan kompetensi, amanah, serta tahap kemudaratan yang rendah. Dengan adanya panduan memilih pemimpin ini, lebih 14 juta pengundi Islam dapat membuat pilihan yang selaras dengan tuntutan syarak pada PRU akan datang. Selain itu, panduan ini berpotensi menjadi pendorong kepada parti-parti politik untuk menambaikbaik dasar dan manifesto parti selaras dengan anjuran syarak
Community adoption of a low-carbon lifestyle programme In Kuala Lumpur
Urban climate change poses growing challenges, prompting communities to adopt low-carbon lifestyle practices to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Sustainable urban development relies not only on government policies and technological infrastructure, but also on proactive behavioural change at the community level. This study explores how communities adopt low-carbon practices, the role of local leadership in promoting behavioural shifts, and how these efforts contribute to national sustainability goals. Framed within four Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 4 (Quality Education), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals), this research aims to understand how everyday sustainable actions influence collective behaviour and long-term community engagement. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eleven participants, including the chairman and committee members of Local Action 21 Kuala Lumpur (LA21KL). Thematic analysis using NVivo R1.7 software revealed five core themes: Developing Leaders through Mentoring which promotes environmental leadership and collective ownership; Striving for Inclusive Sustainable Development Goals which encourages broader public participation; Enhancing Urban Farming contributes to food resilience and sustainability awareness; Expanding Recycling Initiatives which improves waste management efficiency; and Strengthening Economic Sustainability which offers scalable models for sustaining participation through local green economy strategies. These findings are consolidated in a proposed Framework for Leadership and Mentoring in Sustainable Community Development, representing a novel contribution to community-based sustainability research. The study provides policymakers and urban sustainability advocates with practical insights and community-driven strategies that strengthen Kuala Lumpur's ambition to become a low-carbon city by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Unlike previous research that focuses on limited aspects, this comprehensive approach examining five interrelated themes with eleven community informants provides deeper qualitative insights into the adoption of sustainable lifestyles at the community level.
"Worn, loved, let go": A phenomenological study of fashion disposal among Muslim women
The rise of fast fashion has intensified impulsive purchasing and accelerated product turnover, leading to growing concerns over clothing disposal and environmental waste. Despite awareness of sustainability, many consumers continue to engage in rapid consumption and discard fashion items prematurely. Among Muslim women, these behaviours present a unique tension, as Islamic values emphasize moderation (wasatiyyah), responsibility (amanah), and avoidance of waste (israf). This study explores how young adult Muslim women negotiate this tension through their fashion disposal behaviour and how they reconcile the psychological dissonance arising from overconsumption. Guided by Cognitive Dissonance Theory (Festinger, 1957) and employing a phenomenological approach, in-depth interviews uncovered four emerging themes. The theme of sustaining value beyond possession demonstrated proactive, value-driven disposal through donation, resale, or gifting, viewing these acts as ethical extensions of utility. The theme of strategic minimizers displayed functional and delayed disposal patterns centred on practicality and item longevity. The theme of sunk cost rationalisation framed disposal as a structured cognitive process to justify wardrobe renewal and reduce guilt, while the theme of self-compensation exhibited emotionally avoidant disposal rooted in self-gratification and attachment. These findings reveal that fashion disposal among Muslim women is not merely functional but a morally and emotionally charged process influenced by internalized values and psychological coping mechanisms. While practices like donation reflect moral alignment, they may also perpetuate cycles of excessive consumption. This study advances understanding of faith-based sustainable fashion behaviours, emphasizing the need for culturally grounded interventions that address emotional, ethical, and cognitive dimensions of consumption and disposal.
Comparing anti-forced labor strategies: Lessons from Thailand and Brazil’s enforcement and legislative approaches
This study examines ways in which Thailand and Brazil have fought against forced labor and how their campaigns are doing in stopping the virus of human trafficking and exploitation of people in job markets. It is on this basis that the current research investigates what those most relevant strategies are and evaluates their effectiveness, focusing on Thailand's reliance on a legislative framework, versus Brazil's creative enforcement mechanisms, such as the "Dirty List." Through a detailed analysis, this study finds that Thailand has firmed up labor protections through its legislative efforts, while there are still challenges with regard to its enforcement. Labeling employers who use forced labor as the "Dirty List" in Brazil helped many times reduce the number of cases and penalize those who broke the law. It has achieved its objectives whereas, such as both countries' improvements on record, the use of laws, and making employers publicly accountable can be a guide for other countries wanting to get rid of forced labor. This means that the present study requires an integrated approach combining prevention with punishment. These are important facts that policymakers, workers' rights advocates, and international organizations might consider when approaching forced labor in any part of the world.
Symbolism and identity: A comparative semiotic analysis of national day logos in Islamic countries and their reflection of Islamic values
This study examines the role of National Day logos in Islamic countries as visual representations of national identity intertwined with Islamic symbolism. Through a comparative analysis of selected logos from Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, and Indonesia, the study explores how these visual designs embody key Islamic values such as unity (Ummah), excellence (Ihsan), and remembrance (Dhikr), as reflected in the Quran. Rooted in Islamic artistic traditions of calligraphy, geometric patterns, and symbolic colors (e.g., green and gold), these logos reveal a dynamic interplay between contemporary national identity and enduring Islamic principles. The aim of this study is to analyze how National Day logos incorporate Islamic visual elements and values, thereby reinforcing both religious and national identities in an increasingly globalized world. Methodologically, the research employs a qualitative case study approach, enabling in-depth examination through multiple data sources, including documents, archival materials, and visual analyses of selected logos. Findings highlight that National Day logos serve not only as celebratory symbols of national pride but also as vehicles of religious and cultural continuity, emphasizing unity and faith across Muslim nations. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how modern design practices sustain Islamic identity in visual communication and opens new perspectives on the evolving relationship between Islamic art and national symbolism in contemporary design contexts.
The historical influence of Islamic values on the evolution of the civil state: A systematic literature review
This systematic literature review explores the historical influence of Islamic values on the evolution of the civil state, tracing their impact from early governance models to modern administrative frameworks. While Islamic governance has long been examined through theological, legal, and political lenses, there is a lack of integrated scholarship that synthesizes historical foundations with contemporary developments in civil state discourse. Addressing this gap, we conducted an advanced search of the Scopus and Web of Science databases using the keywords “Islamic civil” and “governance.” The review was guided by the PRISMA framework, which ensured a rigorous process of identification, screening, and eligibility assessment, ultimately yielding 28 relevant scholarly works. The analysis of these studies generated three overarching themes. First, Historical Foundations and Evolution of Islamic Governance, which examines the formative principles, institutional structures, and political models shaped by Islamic jurisprudence and values throughout different historical periods. Second, Contemporary Challenges, Policies, and Legal Frameworks, which explores how Islamic governance adapts to modern legal systems, socio-political dynamics, and policy-making processes in diverse national contexts. Third, Intellectual Discourse, Ideological Shifts, and Intercultural Engagement, which highlights the negotiation between traditional Islamic thought and global civil state paradigms, including the influence of cross-cultural interactions and ideological debates. The findings indicate that Islamic values have consistently informed governance principles while evolving in response to changing political, legal, and cultural landscapes. This synthesis not only bridges historical and modern perspectives but also offers critical insights for policymakers, scholars, and practitioners seeking to understand the enduring role of Islamic governance principles in shaping civil state models across the Muslim world.
Analisis teori modal insan berdasarkan tasawur pembangunan berteraskan Islam
Human capital refers to knowledge, work skills, and psychometric assessments that assume education is the key determining factor in worker productivity and reflect on worker income. Since the 1960s, this theory has dominated economics and built a basic understanding of society that links education, employment and income. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify and analyze the human capital theory based on Islamic worldview. Islamic worldview is a model for the formation of human capital who become the actors of a development project. This research was conducted by collecting data through library research. Data were analyzed using qualitative analysis method. This study found that human capital theory is contrary to the Islamic concept of human development. This discrepancy is from the point of view of concept, practice and application. Human capital theory is not suitable to be used as a reference for Islamic development. Therefore, This article proposes a conceptual framework of Islamic-Based Human Development as an alternative, which integrates the spiritual, mental, physical, and social dimensions.
Implementasi adab dan kepentingannya dalam pendidikan Tahfiz
Adab merupakan manifestasi kehalusan budi dan ketinggian peribadi yang diangkat tinggi dalam Islam merangkumi seluruh dimensi kehidupan seorang Muslim. Dalam konteks pendidikan khususnya pendidikan tahfiz, adab tidak sekadar menjadi pelengkap kepada ilmu malah menjadi tunjang kepada pembentukan akhlak al-Quran yang luhur. Seiring aspirasi kerajaan dalam memperkasa pendidikan tahfiz demi melahirkan generasi huffaz yang holistik, maka antara elemen penting yang perlu diperkasakan adalah penghayatan adab murid dalam proses menghafaz al-Quran. Justeru, objektif penyelidikan ini adalah untuk menelusuri secara mendalam dan memperincikan kepentingan adab dalam pendidikan tahfiz meliputi perspektif guru, murid dan adab terhadap diri sendiri. Metodologi dalam kajian ini adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan kaedah kajian perpustakaan dan analisa dokumen. Hasil dapatan kajian mendapati penerapan adab dalam pendidikan tahfiz dilihat mempunyai kepentingan yang sangat tinggi dalam melahirkan huffaz yang berkualiti. Selain itu, hasil kajian juga merumuskan beberapa pendekatan yang diusulkan oleh penyelidikan terdahulu untuk memperkukuh aspek ini. Implikasi kajian ini diharap dapat menjadi rujukan strategik terhadap semua pihak yang terlibat dalam ekosistem pendidikan Tahfiz dalam memperkasakan penerapan adab untuk pembentukan insan Rabbani.
Evaluate the role of the judiciary in interpreting strike laws and determining the legality of industrial action
The Malaysian judiciary plays a crucial role in shaping employee relations by interpreting and enforcing strike laws. This paper examines how the judiciary balances employees' rights to protest with the broader public interest, particularly in essential services. This study contributes significantly to understanding how the role of the judiciary in Malaysia can be strengthened through improvements to the alternative industrial dispute resolution (ADR) system, as well as proposing reforms to the Industrial Relations Act 1967 to better align it with the principles of workers' freedom of expression and international labour standards. The judiciary's role in determining the legality of industrial action, including wildcat strikes, and its efforts to promote alternative dispute resolution (ADR) are explored. Challenges such as the time-consuming nature of legal processes and restrictions on essential services can hinder employees' ability to exercise their right to strike effectively. This study finds that judicial interpretations of strike laws in Malaysia tend to prioritise economic stability and the public interest, particularly in essential services sectors, over comprehensive protection of workers' rights to take lawful industrial action. To enhance industrial relations, the paper recommends streamlining judicial processes, promoting ADR, updating strike laws, strengthening trade unions, and fostering public awareness. By adopting these recommendations, Malaysia can create a more harmonious and equitable workplace for all.
Analysing the Hadith Al-Ifk: Integrating Prophetic crisis management principles into modern digital communication
This study examines the values and lessons contained in the story of Hadith al-ifk, a significant event that tested the unity and resilience of the Muslim community during the time of Prophet Muhammad PBUH. In today’s digital era, the spread of slander and false information has become widespread, and principles such as tabayyun (verification) and ethical leadership, as outlined in the story, are often neglected. Using a qualitative approach and analysing classical sources including the Qur’an, authentic hadith, and sirah literature, this study explores the Prophet’s leadership strategies, the value of patience, and the importance of tabayyun in addressing social and communication challenges. Findings reveal that the Prophet’s crisis management model emphasizing consultation, justice, and emotional restraint remains relevant for resolving conflicts and strengthening community cohesion today. The study also highlights the crucial role of Islamic communication principles in preventing misinformation and promoting social harmony, especially in the age of social media. In conclusion, the story of hadith al-ifk offers enduring guidance for reinforcing unity and resilience within the Muslim ummah, in line with the maqāṣid al-Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad PBUH.
The food preference of young travellers for halal tourism destinations in Malaysia
Halal tourism has emerged as a vital niche in the global travel industry, particularly among young Muslims seeking travel experiences that align with their religious values. This study aims to explore the influence of halal food availability and halal certificates on young travellers' selection of halal tourism destinations. A quantitative approach was employed, involving the distribution of structured questionnaires to 146 Muslim tertiary students. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics via SPSS Version 27. The results indicated a strong preference for destinations offering halal food options, with the majority of respondents agreeing that such availability is a primary factor in their travel decision-making. The findings contribute to the understanding of young Muslim travelers' preferences and provide practical insights for tourism stakeholders seeking to attract this demographic. The study concludes that the availability of halal food significantly influences the travel choices of Muslim tertiary students and should be prioritized in the development of halal tourism.
The effect of supply chain digitalization and supply chain risk management on Malaysian halal MSMEs' performance
This study aims to examine the impact of supply chain digitalization (SCD) and supply chain risk management (SCRM) on the performance of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) involved in Halal industry. Questionnaires consisting of four parts are developed based on previous studies and items are rated using 5-point Likert scale. Overall, 97 responses are collected through survey among MSMEs in Malaysia using convenience sampling technique. Multiple regression analysis is utilized to test the hypotheses. The findings reveal that 80.7% of the variance in firm performance could be explained by SCD and SCRM. In addition, SCD and SCRM have significant positive effect on firm performance at the significance level of 0.05. The findings imply that MSMEs could focus on introducing and expanding digitalization adoption in their business. Moreover, they should apply risk management to anticipate and prepare mitigations plan for business survival. This study is one of the first attempt to investigate the effect of SCD, SCRM and firm performance in the context of Halal industry.
Spiritual intelligence as a moderator in the relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological well-being among Muslim healthcare workers in Klang Valley, Malaysia
This study explores the role of emotional intelligence (EI) as an independent variable, spiritual intelligence (SI) as a moderating variable, and psychological well-being (PWB) as a dependent variable among muslim healthcare workers in government hospitals in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The study involved 208 respondents from a population of 271 public servants. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS, with descriptive statistics, reliability tests, and regression analysis applied. The results show that spiritual intelligence (SI)positively moderates the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and psychological well-being (PWB). This finding underscores the importance of EI in enhancing healthcare workers' well-being and highlights the critical role of spiritual intelligence in improving psychological outcomes in high-stress environments such as healthcare. This study contributes to the understanding of how emotional and spiritual competencies can foster better psychological health, providing valuable implications for managing healthcare personnel in public hospitals.
Domestic inquiries in Malaysia: Procedural fairness, challenges, and best practices for workplace discipline
This paper examines the domestic inquiry (DI) process as a critical procedural mechanism for enforcing workplace discipline and upholding principles of natural justice within Malaysia’s employment context. Anchored in Section 14 of the Employment Act 1955, DI serves as a legal safeguard to ensure fairness and equity in addressing employee misconduct and disciplinary actions. The paper outlines the key steps of a well-conducted domestic inquiry—from the issuance of show cause letters to the hearing, deliberation, and appeal—emphasizing procedural fairness, impartiality, and documentation as fundamental pillars. It also explores the main triggers of DIs, such as violations of company policies, breach of contract terms, negligence, and workplace fraud. Comparative references to best practices from the United Kingdom and Australia highlight Malaysia’s procedural gaps and the need for legal clarity. Despite legal frameworks being in place, challenges persist due to inconsistencies in implementation, lack of training, poor record-keeping, and the absence of standardized inquiry protocols. The study recommends structured reforms, including enhanced training for HR personnel, improved documentation systems, clearer policies, and regular reviews of DI procedures to ensure legal compliance and organizational integrity. Ultimately, a robust and transparent domestic inquiry system is essential not only for minimizing legal risks and wrongful dismissal claims but also for reinforcing organizational trust, governance, and employee morale.
Exploring the research landscape of AI in higher education (2020–2025): A bibliometric perspective.
This study offers a comprehensive bibliometric and thematic review of research on Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education between 2020 and 2025. Its purpose is to map the intellectual structure of the field by analyzing publication patterns, identifying key contributors, and uncovering emerging themes. Data were retrieved from the Scopus database, resulting in 1,937 relevant documents.The analysis examined publications by year, source, country, subject area, authorship, and citation patterns. To explore relationships within the data, VOSviewer (version 1.6.15) was used to generate co-authorship, citation, and keyword mapping networks. Citation metrics were further assessed using Harzing’s Publish or Perish software, with additional evaluation conducted manually and through Microsoft Excel.Findings indicate a significant surge in AI-related research in higher education beginning in 2024, coinciding with the widespread adoption of generative AI tools such as ChatGPT. The United States, China, and the United Kingdom emerged as the most prolific contributors, while leading authors and institutions formed strong collaborative networks, signaling the rise of global research hubs. Thematic keyword analysis revealed growing attention to “machine learning,” “chatbots,” “academic integrity,” “adaptive learning,” and “learning analytics.” These themes suggest a shift toward AI-driven personalization in teaching and learning, while also reflecting increasing ethical concerns, particularly in relation to assessment and academic honesty.Overall, this study highlights how AI is reshaping higher education and provides an evidence-based foundation for future research, policy, and institutional strategy. By mapping the evolution of scholarship in this domain, it offers valuable insights into research priorities and emerging trends, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and supporting the responsible integration of AI technologies into higher education.
Factors influencing the intention of cash waqf contribution: A case study of MAIK staff
Cash waqf has emerged as an essential instrument in promoting social and economic development, particularly within Muslim communities. Despite various initiatives, including monthly salary deduction schemes for civil servants, participation in cash waqf remains relatively low. This underscores the need for more effective strategies to enhance awareness and strengthen contribution intentions. This study aims to identify the factors influencing their intention to contribute cash waqf. A quantitative research design was employed, involving a structured questionnaire survey administered to 114 employees of Majlis Agama Islam dan Adat Istiadat Melayu Kelantan (MAIK). The study investigated key determinants including waqf knowledge, religious awareness, trust in waqf management, and social factors. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to examine the relationship between these factors and contribution intention. The findings reveal that religious factors exert the strongest influence on cash waqf contribution intention, followed by subjective norms and attitudes. These results provide valuable insights for waqf administrators and policymakers to develop targeted strategies that enhance participation in cash waqf, thereby strengthening the role of waqf in advancing Islamic economic development in Kelantan.
Micro but mighty: Critical success factors for sustainable urban micro-entrepreneurship in Terengganu
Micro-entrepreneurship is vital to inclusive development, yet its sustainability isemi-peripheral economies remains underexplored. This paper develops a context-sensitive framework of Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for urban micro-entrepreneurship in Terengganu, Malaysia, where institutional gaps, limited infrastructure, and cultural embeddedness create distinctive challenges. Guided by the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Institutional Theory, the framework integrates four domains: financial and entrepreneurial competencies, digital readiness and innovation, socio-psychological enablers, and institutional support. Unlike conventional CSF models from industrialized contexts, it highlights resilience, religious identity, and community trust as mediating resources of sustainability. Drawing on a synthesis of literature and contextual insights, the study reconceptualizes sustainability as the interaction of tangible and intangible factors, introduces socio-psychological enablers into RBV–Institutional Theory integration, and proposes localized interventions such as mosque-based mentoring and gender-sensitive digital inclusion. By situating entrepreneurship within localized realities, the study challenges urban-centric models and advances an agenda for resilient micro-enterprise sustainability.
Unlocking sustainable disclosure: The gender diversity effect on corporate governance, human capital, and SSCM
The aim of this study is to look into the effects of board gender diversity on the relationships among Corporate Governance Mechanisms, Human Capital, and Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) disclosure after the MCCG 2017 was implemented. The study extracted information from Bursa Malaysia’s annual reports from 2018 to 2020. The top 100 public listed companies (based on market capitalization) constituted as samples. The study employed the SSCM checklist to construct the disclosure index, which encompassed twelve (12) themes and used an unweighted disclosure index of SSCM that considered 60 discretionary items. The Statistical Package STATA 17 was applied in the current study to synthesize and test all the hypotheses. The study's findings showed that board size, audit committee independence, directors’ remuneration, and board meeting frequency all had positive relationships with SSCM disclosure. The study's findings revealed that board gender diversity moderated the relationships among board size, directors’ remuneration, board meeting frequency, and SSCM disclosure. The findings of the study suggests that when aiming to promote SSCM performance, which is required to achieve SDG 12, government regulators should emphasize the impact of effective governance features and sustainability-related initiatives.
Factors influencing employee satisfaction with retirement benefits in Malaysia
This research to identify some of the factors that impact on employee perception to retirement benefits in Malaysia. These major dimensions are adequacy of benefits, financial understanding, and health care assistance. The study establishes that low remunerative accumulations for retirement and poor health care facilities cause general employee discontent. The research reveals that ordinations to advance benefit schemes, modifying participant’s financial education, and incorporating healthcare support are critical interventions needed to meet retirees’ requirements for satisfaction.
Post-COVID economic resilience: Exploring the role of inflation targeting and small-scale enterprises (SME) vulnerability
This study investigates the interplay between inflation targeting, economic stability, and the delayed recovery of micro and Small-Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in the context of a highly uncertain global financial environment, with a specific focus on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research surveyed SMEs in Malacca, Malaysia, using a stratified sampling technique. Findings reveal that SMEs were significantly affected by the pandemic, particularly in areas of financial capacity and human resource availability. Furthermore, a strong and positive correlation was found between limited access to financial sources, labor shortages, and delays in SME recovery. These micro-level disruptions are examined in relation to broader macroeconomic challenges, including inflation, volatility, and monetary policy responses. The study argues that while inflation targeting remains a vital tool for macroeconomic stability, its effectiveness in supporting SME recovery depends on complementary fiscal and structural measures that address ground-level economic vulnerabilities. The findings highlight the need for integrated policy frameworks that align inflation control with inclusive recovery strategies in post-crisis environments.
Pengabaian solat dalam kalangan pelajar: Satu tinjauan literatur sistematik mengenai faktor sosial, nilai keagamaan dan pembangunan sahsiah
Isu pengabaian solat dalam kalangan pelajar semakin mendapat perhatian dalam wacana pendidikan Islam kerana ia mencerminkan tahap penghayatan agama serta keutuhan sahsiah generasi muda Muslim. Kajian ini dilaksanakan bagi meneliti secara sistematik faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengamalan dan pengabaian solat dalam kalangan pelajar di pelbagai peringkat pendidikan formal. Menggunakan pendekatan Tinjauan Literatur Sistematik (Systematic Literature Review, SLR) berasaskan rangka kerja PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses), sebanyak 20 artikel berwasit yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2015 hingga 2025 telah dianalisis daripada pangkalan data Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), Google Scholar dan ResearchGate. Analisis kualitatif menggunakan pendekatan analisis tematik telah mengenal pasti empat tema utama, iaitu (i) tahap dan corak pengamalan solat dalam kalangan pelajar, (ii) faktor sosial yang mempengaruhi pelaksanaan solat, (iii) nilai keagamaan dan penghayatan spiritual, serta (iv) implikasi pengabaian solat terhadap pembentukan sahsiah dan disiplin diri. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa walaupun pelajar mempunyai tahap pengetahuan agama yang memuaskan, penghayatan rohani mereka masih rendah. Selain itu, faktor sosial seperti sokongan keluarga, pengaruh rakan sebaya, persekitaran sekolah, serta penggunaan media digital memainkan peranan signifikan dalam menentukan tahap konsistensi pelajar terhadap ibadah solat.Kajian ini memberikan sumbangan penting kepada literatur pendidikan Islam dengan menegaskan keperluan untuk membangunkan pendekatan pedagogi yang holistik dan berasaskan penghayatan bukan sekadar pengajaran berbentuk praktikal. Penemuan ini juga menyoroti keperluan bagi penyelidikan masa hadapan untuk menilai hubungan sebab dan akibat antara faktor sosial, nilai keagamaan dan amalan solat melalui pendekatan kuantitatif atau kajian intervensi berasaskan pendidikan Islam bersepadu.
China’s Belt and Road Initiative and its role in global poverty reduction
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), launched by China in 2013, is one of the most ambitious global development frameworks of the 21st century. Encompassing the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road, the initiative seeks to enhance regional integration through large-scale investments in infrastructure, trade, finance, and cultural exchange across Asia, Europe, Africa, and beyond. While the BRI has mobilized unprecedented financial resources and expanded connectivity to more than 140 countries, it has also raised concerns over debt sustainability, governance challenges, and the growing dependence of participating nations on China. These issues have generated debate over whether the initiative is a genuine development strategy or a geopolitical instrument that prioritizes China’s strategic interests. This study adopts a qualitative approach through critical review and synthesis of existing literature, policy reports, and secondary data. The analysis focuses on the BRI’s structural pillars, economic potential, and emerging challenges, particularly its implications for poverty reduction and sustainable development. Findings indicate that the BRI plays a dual role as both a driver of development and an instrument of geopolitical influence. While infrastructure development has created new opportunities for trade and connectivity, debt risks, transparency, and environmental sustainability challenges persist. Moreover, the initiative’s long-term impact varies significantly across participating countries, depending on governance capacity and policy alignment. The study recommends the development of a more transparent, inclusive, and sustainable BRI framework that emphasizes equitable partnerships, debt management strategies, and environmentally responsible investments. Strengthening multilateral cooperation and embedding robust governance mechanisms will ensure that the BRI contributes meaningfully to global poverty reduction and long-term development goals.
Productive zakat: A robust model for the economic welfare of Mustahiq
The principal aim of this article is to scrutinise the efficacy of productive zakat within the context of zakat institutions in supporting startups and entrepreneur mustahiq. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative data, relying on library research, was employed to achieve the study’s main objectives. The significant findings reveal that not only is there no profound rejection of zakat disbursement in the form of investment from the period of the Prophet (saw) and jurisprudence, but also there exists motivation and a clear guideline for contemporary scholars to expand the concept of zakat investment based on the current needs of Muslim societies. Furthermore, some success stories of zakat institutions from the literature revealed that zakat management has been transformed to enable more effective collection and distribution, thereby decreasing poverty and encouraging the poor to be involved in the production process and to gain income for themselves. In the meantime, several challenges identified in the existing literature indicate the need for further improvement. Notably, one of the main challenges lies in the limited consideration and practical application of productive Zakat within international contexts. Subsequently, the study offers valuable recommendations for enhancing zakat institutions' policies on productive zakat distribution. It serves as a foundation for future research, illuminating avenues for further exploration of this subject.
Analysis of factors influencing online fraud victimization among university staff
Online fraud and scams are defined as deceptive acts in which individuals are induced to disclose confidential information in response to fraudulent requests, resulting in financial or emotional harm. These activities have emerged as a critical global issue. This study investigates the determinants of fraud victimization among university staff, with an emphasis on the roles of psychological factors, consumer behaviour, awareness level, technological awareness and access, and social influence. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected via structured questionnaires from 105 staff members. Analytical procedures comprised descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression modelling. The findings reveal that psychological factors and technological awareness exert significant effects on fraud victimization. These results highlight the necessity of targeted awareness interventions and the enhancement of digital literacy as strategic measures to reduce vulnerability to online fraud.
Conflict of jurisdiction between Civil and Syariah Court in apostasy and conversion case: Position under Malaysian constitutional law
This paper examines the conflict of jurisdiction between the Civil and Syariah Courts in Malaysia, specifically in matters relating to apostasy and religious conversion, and analyzes its position under the Malaysian constitutional framework. The dual legal system in Malaysia, comprising civil law and Islamic law, creates a complex interplay when it comes to issues involving personal status, particularly in cases where an individual seeks to renounce Islam or convert into or out of the religion. The Federal Constitution, while declaring Islam as the religion of the Federation, also guarantees the right to freedom of religion under Article 11. However, jurisdictional ambiguity arises due to the division of legislative powers between the Federal and State governments, and the exclusive jurisdiction granted to Syariah Courts on matters pertaining to Islamic law. Using a library-based methodology, this paper explores landmark judicial decisions, legislative provisions, and constitutional principles to uncover the root causes of these jurisdictional disputes. It also evaluates the implications of such conflicts on individual rights, legal certainty, and religious freedom. In conclusion, the paper proposes potential legal and institutional reforms to harmonize the jurisdictional boundaries and uphold constitutional supremacy while respecting religious sensitivities in Malaysia’s plural legal landscape.
The relationship between body appreciation and self-esteem among female undergraduate students in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Comparison of individual body image in social network sites (SNS) might boost or reduce self-esteem among females since unrealistic ideal photos have been exposed to them, which can decrease the body appreciation and alter their sense of worth. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between body appreciation and self-esteem among female undergraduate students at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, as well as the samples' level of self-esteem and body appreciation. This study included 369 female undergraduate students ranging in age from 18 to 27 years old that participated using convenient and snowball sampling. The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) was the instrument employed to assess body appreciation, while the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was tested to examine self-esteem. The findings indicated a significant positive correlation between body appreciation and self-esteem among respondents. Concurrently, a high level of self-esteem and body appreciation were discovered. This study concludes with a number of limitations and recommendations that are beneficial to university students, university faculty, and future researchers.
Financial literacy and SME resilience in the digital era: A pilot study with extended mediation framework
This paper offers a pilot study that examines the effect of financial literacy and digital financial literacy on the resilience of Malaysian SMEs in retail and e-commerce sectors, with psychological resilience and dynamic capabilities as mediators. Financial literacy, traditionally defined within knowledge, behavior, and attitudes, has been equated with better decision-making and the survival of a company. But the digital era has placed new demands on SMEs to have not just traditional competences but also digital readiness to enable fintech uptake, e-commerce transactions, and cyber security. Building on Dynamic Capabilities Theory (DCT) and resilience theories, this study constructs an extended mediation model to explain how financial and digital competences are translated into resilience through adaptive organizational capabilities and psychological strengths. Information were collected from a small pilot SME business owner sample for the validation of measurement instruments and testing initial relationships. Findings indicate that financial literacy and digital financial literacy have direct and indirect positive effects on resilience, with dynamic capabilities and psychological resilience mediating the relationship partially. This research intellectually contributes by theoretically applying DCT to the digital finance context and pragmatically by suggesting policy interventions with financial education and psychological resilience training augmented with digital skills for SME owners.
Evaluate the role of job security and benefits as primary motivators for trade union membership
Trade unions are indispensable in the fight for workers' rights in the current world scenario characterized by the feminization of the workforce, flexible employment relationships, neo- liberal economic policies, globalization, computerization of the workplace, and the role of new technologies. The first of these shifts is best summarized by the increased job insecurity, low wages, and meager protections from which most workers suffer in the face of globalization and automation today. This paper looks at how these trade unions address them through bargaining for change and policy change, asking questions such as bargaining for better working conditions, wages, and terms of employment and services such as maternity leave and health care enhancements. Using case studies and analyzing changes in legislation, the research proves that unions further significant improvements such as better wages, more extended maternity leave, improvement in workplace health, and more, leading to a sounder labor market. This reminds unions that the future remains new and requires embracing technology and promoting crews' policies to safeguard workers from new challenges within the labor market.
Bayesian model in the conjugation of Arabic triliteral verb by second language learners.
One of accurately assumed model for understanding how native speakers of flective languages use morphological structures is Bayesian model. This model explains that the ability of native speakers to predict other inflective forms of conjugation of Arabic triliteral verb is influenced by their knowledge of other inflective forms, which they are already familiar with, and also by the natural predictability of the inflective form candidates they want to conclude. The objective is to test empirically whether the Bayesian model in that phenomen also applies to Arabic learners in predicting morphological forms of Arabic as L2. As experimental research, we obtained data from answers sheet of respondents in predicting word forms in imperfective verb conjugations. Data analysis utilized Descriptive Analytics and Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM). The results stated that prior information makes it easier for respondents to predict forms derived from unknown roots
Analisis keperluan bagi membangunkan modul terapi bermain dan psikopendidikan terhadap tingkah laku agresif murid sekolah rendah
Kajian analisis keperluan dijalankan dalam penyelidikan mengenai pembangunan modul untuk memastikan produk yang dihasilkan memenuhi keperluan dan spesifikasi pengguna. Kajian ini dijalankan bagi mengenal pasti keperluan dan spesifikasi berdasarkan modul terapi bermain dan psikopendidikan terhadap tingkah laku agresif murid-murid sekolah rendah. Bagi mewujudkan sebuah modul yang dapat memenuhi keperluan kaunselor sebagai pengguna, analisis keperluan dijalankan ke atas enam orang kaunselor sekolah rendah di Pulau Pinang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui temubual separa berstruktur dan teknik persampelan bertujuan. Ia bertujuan untuk meneroka pengalaman, kefahaman, dan pendekatan yang digunakan oleh kaunselor bagi menangani tingkah laku agresif dalam kalangan murid sekolah rendah. Melalui temu bual separa berstruktur, kajian ini meneliti tempoh perkhidmatan, kefahaman terhadap isu agresif, pengalaman mengendalikan kes, serta perasaan kaunselor ketika berhadapan dengan murid agresif. Selain itu, kajian ini juga menelusuri faktor-faktor utama yang mendorong tingkah laku agresif, kesannya terhadap murid lain dan strategi intervensi yang digunakan oleh kaunselor. Penekanan turut diberikan kepada penggunaan terapi bermain, pendekatan psikopendidikan, teori kaunseling yang diaplikasikan, serta modul dan teknik intervensi yang digunakan dalam membantu murid. Akhir sekali, kajian ini meninjau kaedah penilaian dan inventori yang digunakan oleh kaunselor dalam mengukur tahap agresif murid. Dapatan daripada temu bual ini diharap dapat memberikan pandangan mendalam tentang amalan kaunseling di sekolah serta menjadi asas kepada pembangunan modul intervensi yang lebih berkesan dalam menangani tingkah laku agresif murid sekolah rendah.
Pengaruh tahap pengesyoran produk berdasarkan keperluan peserta takaful terhadap gelagat etika kerja ejen takaful menurut perspektif peserta takaful
Ejen takaful bertanggungjawab dalam menawarkan produk perlindungan takaful yang bersesuaian dengan keperluan peserta takaful. Ejen takaful perlu mahir dalam menilai tahap keperluan peserta takaful berbanding kehendak ejen untuk meminta peserta takaful menyertai polisi takaful. Namun begitu, dalam menawarkan produk takaful, terdapat sesetengah ejen takaful yang mempunyai fokus utama untuk mendapatkan komisen yang tinggi dengan mengajak peserta takaful memilih produk takaful walaupun produk tersebut tidak sesuai dengan keperluan mereka. Hal ini telah mendorong berlakunya gelagat yang tidak beretika dalam kalangan ejen takaful. Oleh itu, timbul persoalan, apakah tahap pengesyoran produk berdasarkan keperluan peserta takaful? Bagaimanakah pengaruh tahap pengesyoran produk berdasarkan keperluan peserta takaful mempengaruhi gelagat etika kerja ejen takaful? Bagi menjawab persoalan ini, kertas kerja ini mempunyai dua objektif. Pertama, mengenal pasti tahap pengesyoran produk berdasarkan keperluan peserta takaful; kedua, menganalisis pengaruh tahap pengesyoran produk berdasarkan keperluan peserta takaful terhadap gelagat etika kerja ejen takaful menurut perspektif peserta takaful. Data dikumpul daripada kajian lapangan sebanyak 397 orang responden dan akan dianalisis dengan menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif iaitu statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferens. Hasil dapatan menunjukkan bahawa pengesyoran produk berdasarkan keperluan peserta takaful mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan terhadap gelagat etika kerja ejen takaful menurut perspektif peserta takaful.
Hala tuju pembangunan nuclear Iran pasca perang Israel 13 - 24 June 2025
Serangan Amerika Syarikat (AS) dan Israel ke atas kemudahan nuclear Iran pada 22 Jun 2025 ke atas kemudahan nuclear Fordo, Natanz dan Isfahan telah menimbulkan reaksi global terhadap persoalan kelangsungan program pembangunan nuklear Iran. Pihak AS dan Israel telah mengumumkan kejayaan operasi ketenteraan ke atas Iran dan mendakwa berjaya memusnahkan program nuklear Iran. Kajian ini menggunakan maklumat dan laporan dari pelbagai laporan agensi keselamatan serta laporan media antarabangsa bagi menganalisa kelangsungan program pembangunan nuklear Iran pasca Perang. Serangan AS dan Israel ini walau bagaimanapun telah dipertikaikan berdasarkan maklumat dan laporan agensi dan media antarabangsa yang menunjukan terdapat pelbagai pendapat yang menunjukan kesangsian, perdebatan dan percanggahan maklumat yang menimbulkan persoalan terhadap pengumuman kejayaan oleh AS dan Israel. Berdasarkan maklumat tersebut, ia menunjukan Iran mampu meneruskan program nuklearnya dengan dua kaedah iaitu meneruskan program yang sedia ada kerana ia dipercayai tidak musnah secara total. Kaedah kedua adalah mendapakan nuclear yang telah siap sebagai deterrence terhadap musuh melalui kerjasam dengan negara kuasa nuclear seperti Rusia, China, Paksitan dan Korea Utara. Malah kaedah ini pernah dilakukan oleh Rusia dalam Cuban Missile Crisis pada tahun 1962.