Mohd Yusoff, Nazhatul Sahima, Mohd Faiez Suhaimin, Siti Nur Dayana Hainulah, Syahmina Shaifuddin, Norfarziah Adna, and Ruzanita Mat Rani. 2026. “Efficiency of Digital Transformation in the EU-27: A Sequential Bi-Objective MCDEA BCC, Super-Efficiency and Slack-Based Measure Framework”. Journal of Islamic, Social, Economics and Development 11 (87):851-66. https://doi.org/10.55573/JISED.118757.