Mohd Fisal, F. A., Wan Amir Nizam, W. M. F., Rosmani, I. ‘an, Nordin, N. H., & Mohamad Jamil, K. A. (2025). Pre-service ESL teachers’ beliefs and challenges in teaching English using online platforms in secondary schools. Journal of Islamic, Social, Economics and Development, 10(75), 189–198. https://doi.org/10.55573/jised.v10i75.3302